Aung Win Htut - Raising Ti Naing Fish and Shrimp

1. Land selection and fish pond excavation Land selection

Fish farming can be done in flowing rivers, in natural lakes, in reservoirs, and in rice fields. In Myanmar, the most suitable method of raising fish is to dig a pond. If you are going to raise fish in a pond, the choice of land is very important. When choosing a site, it should meet the following criteria as much as possible.

(a) Good transportation

Good transportation is important for transporting and storing the food that will be fed to the fish, and for the fish to reach the market where they are harvested and sold, and for distributing it smoothly.

(b) Good and clean water

There should be places where clean water is easily available all year round and where it is easy to drain.

- (8) A place where water cannot flood.

During the rainy season, low-lying fields are often flooded, which can kill fish. Therefore, ponds should be avoided in floodplains. (Or) the pond should be built on higher ground.

(d) A place without dense trees

In dense areas, trees can grow thickly, blocking the water from flowing through the pond, blocking sunlight, preventing the growth of underwater trees, and preventing the growth of algae and fish.

(e) Areas with clay and silt soils

Fish usually enjoy places with good water quality and natural food sources such as carrion, algae, and seaweed. The best places to find such places are those with loamy and clayey soils. Such soils are most suitable for digging fish ponds because they are fertile and hold water without seepage. With good soil quality, algae and seaweed grow easily and are also available for animal food.

Digging a fish pond,

You can dig a fish pond in any shape you like. However, 20-foot and 60-foot ponds are most commonly used, as they are the easiest to line. One acre of ponds is dug ( 20x60) or (30x48 ) feet, and the base and height of the pond should be adjusted to suit the climate. The following types of ponds are suitable for digging.

(a) Fish fry

If you are digging a pond for fish farming or fish meal, you can dig a pond 50 feet in circumference (or 75 feet, 150 feet, and 4-5 feet deep. It is best to make a pond with a foundation made of earth. Make sure there are no water leaks. Then, the pond should be dried and limed. Limed can protect the fish meal and fish fry from harmful insects and predatory fish.

(b) Fish tank

Dig a suitable area of ​​about an acre. The depth should be at least 4 feet. After digging the pond, spread lime as you would a fish pond. First, add about half the water and then add 400 to 1200 gallons of fertilizer, cow dung, and chicken manure. After about a week, fill the pond with more water. If the water in the pond turns green and brown, it means the soil is full of fertilizer.

(c) Meat tenderizer

The pond is a breeding ground for fish to grow in, and should be dug as long as possible, from 300 to 400 feet wide. The water should be at least 3 feet deep in the summer. Natural baits are

Add fertilizer, cow manure, and chicken manure to the tank once a month to provide the necessary plant and animal food.

How to add lime and fertilizer.

Adding lime has the following benefits: cleaning the pond water and increasing fish production. Lime contains toxic and caustic substances that can kill bacteria and fish parasites and stabilize pH changes. Before adding lime, dry the pond and add it to the bottom (floor) of the pond, along with water from the irrigation hole, or sprinkle it on the surface of the water. If lime is added while there are fish, add it only sparingly. If the fish eat it, it will die. p Only 5 to 15 pounds of lime are used in good ponds. To add lime to the pond, the pH level must first be measured. From this measurement, the amount of lime needed per acre can be calculated.

Since there needs to be a continuous biological cycle in the fish tank, nutrients should be added to supplement the natural nutrient supply. Most fish tanks in Myanmar use cow dung as the main organic fertilizer, and ammonium superphosphate is commonly used as the organic fertilizer. At least 200 buckets of cow dung (or 100 buckets of chicken manure) should be added per acre of fish tank. Chicken manure, cow dung, and bean husks can also be used as organic fertilizer.

2. Choosing the type of fish to raise,

. In fish farming, the selection of fish to be raised is very important. It is necessary to choose fish that are suitable for the natural conditions and water in the pond. The most commonly raised and commercially available fish in Myanmar are catfish, carp, river fish, catfish, and tilapia. If you raise catfish and catfish, the food of these fish is small fish, and it is not easy to find enough food. Therefore, when raising fish, you should not choose carnivorous fish. This is because the cost of raising them is high.

For those who breed in combination with farms, fish that destroy the farms, fish that destroy the ponds, and fish that attack and eat fish of different species should not be bred. Tilapia, carp, catfish, and river fish should be bred together. These fish live on the surface and are easy to catch with nets. The fish that are bred should be able to move from one pond to another, to determine when the fish are mature, to be injected for breeding, and to withstand handling and movement. The fish should have a good reproductive rate.

In summary, you should consider the following when selecting the fish you want to raise.

(1) Good-priced fish,

(2) Delicious and popular fish,

(3) Five species that live together without destroying the environment,

(4) Five species that can utilize the food in the environment,

(5) Fish with good growth rate,

(6) Fish with good reproductive rates,

(7) Hardy fish,

(8) Fish that are easy to recapture.

3. Adding fish (fry fish)

For raising fish fry, it is necessary to purchase them from other regions or to transport them from breeding tanks, hatcheries, and egg-laying tanks. Whether the journey is short or long, it is important to transport them to the required location with minimal loss. Since water must be stored and transported during transportation, consideration must be given to the water. It must be water with dissolved oxygen. Fish use the oxygen dissolved in the water and release carbon dioxide, so if the oxygen level is low, the fish can die.

If the fish are to be transported from the breeding tank, they must be pulled out with a net and kept in a fish cage for 1 day in advance. During such storage, no food is to be fed. There are two types of open-top transportation and closed-top transportation. For open-top transportation, earthen pots, bamboo-woven water containers, iron buckets, and wooden barrels are used. For closed transportation , about 1/3 of the water is added to a 25x18-inch, 5-millimeter-thick plastic bag, and sufficient oxygen gas is provided, and the top is covered and tied with large rubber bands. This can hold about 200-250 1-inch fish, which can be kept for 24 hours, and about 30,000 fish pellets can be added. The method of putting fish in the boat and changing the water is called open-top transportation.

Regardless of the method of transport, care should be taken to keep the water clean and cool, to increase oxygen, to reduce carbon dioxide and ammonia production, and to ensure that the fish arrive at the destination in a short time. If the rate of adding the fish to the tank is too high, the fish will become crowded and their growth will be reduced. If the water quality in the tank changes, diseases may occur. Therefore, when adding fish fry, the amount of water in the tank and the health of the fish fry should be checked in advance. The rate of adding fish fry should be based on the size of the fish.

In fish tanks with supplementary feed, freshwater fish such as carp, golden carp, yellow carp, white carp, grass carp, big-headed carp, river carp, striped carp, catfish, catfish, tilapia, red carp, goldfish, gourami, and freshwater catfish can be raised. About 10,000-25,000 fish species under 20 kyats can be raised per acre, and about 7,500-10,000 fish species above 20 kyats can be raised per acre.

The amount of food needed to feed

In addition, various vitamins, calcium, and phosphate mineral salts can also be mixed in with vaccines.

The golden carp usually feeds on the bottom of the pond, while the river carp only feeds on the upper or middle part of the pond. The carp feeds on the surface of the water and eats any floating matter that floats in the pond. The black carp eats snails, so in some places they are bred together.