Tin Naing Toe - Heroes from the Golden Land of Bagan

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Department of University Historical Research

Director's order 

Tin Naing Toe is a historian who writes and compiles history books. He is also a researcher who researches and uncovers little-known historical facts and records. Now, he has written a book for the new generation of students based on the story of four heroes of the Bagan era.

Burmese chronicles say that there were four heroes in the Bagan period: Kyan Sittha, Nga Khru, Nga Lone Lap Phae, and Nyaung U Phi. However, among these four heroes, only Kyan Sittha became a king, and historical evidence can be found to support this claim. Kyan Sittha's name is only found in stone inscriptions as Htee Lai Min. There is no evidence to support the names of the other three heroes. Therefore,

The great Bagan heroes such as Nga Khru, Nga Lone Lak Phae, and Nyaung Oo Phi were like legends.

The names of the heroes of the Bagan period were first found in U Kala's Maharajwin Dawagyi, and then in the second volume of the Wandsameda Pakathani (Wangsameda Pakathani) compiled by Sayadaw Shin Nandia on (22) September 1875 during the reign of King Mindon of the Konbaung period, it is mentioned as Ngaharu Myay Yadanarbon Miyara in the story of Alaung Sithu Min.

It is found that the name of Queen Yadanabon is also inscribed on the Bagan Dynasty Pagoda inscription dated (22) April 1140, as follows: “King Sithu’s Queen Yadanabon, the Dynasty Pagoda.” It seems that behind the stories and legends, there are some historical facts hidden.

Similarly, the descendants of Nyaung U Phee are also found in a document from the Konbaung period. This document is the "Tham Sya Ta Swe Taw Si" document compiled by the courtier Myint Nay Myo Nanda Kyaw Htin during the reign of King Mindon. In this document, it is mentioned that the wife of Narapati Sithu was Nyaung Ok Phee (Nyaung U Phee), a warrior during the reign of King Anawrahta, his son Bo Tuju, his son Wiswe, and his daughter (Nyaung U Phee Myit), and that she was the daughter of three sons. It is said in the chronicles that "the three sons of Nyaung U Phee Myit are known."

Tin Naing Toe's writing about the four Bagan heroes with new ideas and perspectives is very interesting.

Kyaw Nyein

Director

Department of University History Research

In the 45th year of the Burmese calendar, 13 years after King Anawrahta ascended the throne, King Anawrahta himself led an expedition to Suwannabhumi. King Anawrahta was accompanied by four warriors: Kyan Sittha, Nga Khru, Nga Lone Lap Phae, and Nyaung U Phi. Kyan Sittha rode a horse named Htand Kun Khaung, Nga Khru rode a horse named Htand Lyn Ty, Nga Lone Lap Phae rode a horse named Le Moe Yin Khaung, and Nyaung U Phi rode a horse named Htand Nyaung U Phi.