Zaw Zaw Aung - Thoughtful and thought-provoking articles about Burmese literature

1. AESTHETICS

What is rasa? I have been trying to catch an elephant or a tiger with the literary critic Banya, but now I have found myself holding a snake by the neck. Once I have it, I will hold it tightly. What is rasa?

( Ratha) is, in the simplest terms, pleasure. In other words, it is something that makes you like something.

It is very difficult and profound. I am also trying very hard to speak. I have to try to understand the common people in the local language. Here I have to make a point again. I also cannot stand this kind of thing. I have to speak. Because .... When I speak in the local language so that the common people can understand, they do not like my words, which are called "village people", so they say it in secret. Bro.. I do not care. My original intention is to understand the general reading audience. There are times when I speak in academic terms. I have written articles in places like university academic journals. I have read academic papers. Would you say that I am proud of that? I say ---. I do not care. What I mean is that when you follow the subject and speak in academic terms, there will be difficulties and incomprehensibility. You have to weigh that. You have to write everything in an easy way. If everything is difficult, the aspect of being understood by the general public will be weak. There is one thing.

The virtuous monks like the venerable Leti Sayadaw (1847 - 1923) were able to write the very difficult and profound essence of the Buddha's teachings in a way that ordinary people could understand. (Paramattha Samuppada Dipani, Bodhipakkiya Dipani, Uttama Purisa Dipani, Pusasa Visajjana Pathanitis Kita) --- He compiled about (sixty) (60) books. Nine virtuous monks. For us, the Jatija ---, it is a lot of effort. Please forgive me if there are any mistakes. Our literary world is suffering because of (japalut) ---, who have never written a book, a single article, or even a single line. There have been many disasters. Please forgive me. Let's go back to the beginning. What is (rasa). My opinion ---.

( Ratha) is a feeling of pleasure. Something that makes you happy.

In literary and scientific terms (like a dictionary definition), it is like this.

aesthetics

the study or theory of (beauty) & of the psychological responses to it; specif., the branch of philosophy dealing with arts, it's creative sources, its forms and it's effects.

Webster's New World Dictionary,

Prentice Hall, fourth edition, 1989, pp. 21, 22.

There is also this, Aesthetics is ---

--- the study of the (beautiful ---)

Roger Fowler, saconsozê 338=8: P.4

Fowler is the easiest. (Studying beauty) Then they open this too.

The Philosophy of art; the study of the nature of (beauty) in literature and the arts, and the development of criteria for judging beauty.

KATHLEEN MORNER/RALPH RAUCH

NTC's Dictionary of Literary Terms, NTC Publishing Group, (National Textbook Company, Illinois, USA, 1998, P.3)

It is the philosophy of art. It studies the nature of beauty found in literature and art, and how the standards that determine what is beautiful have developed and evolved. Here, too, beauty is the focus. There is also this.

-- Philosophical investigation into the nature of (beauty) and the perception of (beauty), especially in the arts; the theory of art or of artistic taste.

CHRIS BALDICK

Oxford Concise Dictionary of Literary Terms,

OUP, 2001, p. 4.

This is also the philosophy that studies the nature of beauty. It studies how beauty (especially) is experienced in art. It is also the study of art theory (or the study of artistic taste/appeal). In short, AESTHETICS has been defined as (aesthetics). I will also use (aesthetics). The quotes that I have presented are quotes from prominent people, scholars from universities like Oxford. Only people who are respected. But here there is something to think about. A big problem to think about. Before we start talking about the problems to think about --- one important thing --- I think we will start with the studies of aesthetics that have existed in our --- tradition. We must also talk about other (Western) ideas. We must also talk about the ideas that have existed in our traditional tradition.

We have --- the original manuscript of the great monk Sangharakkhita Sayadaw, which we will value from the beginning, starting with the great book of Subodh Lankara, which was written by King Yoya in the late Konbaung period.

The New Testament of the Great In our time, there were great books such as the opening and introduction of the literary works compiled by Master Zawgyi. There were also books (books on how to compose poetry) compiled by other teachers.

Similarly, there were also books on how to compose poetry, such as (Rastha) and (Gon), etc. Grandpa Moi's poetry, the poetry of U Tun Shwe, etc. The nine Rasthas that we are familiar with were also like this.

2, pleasant feeling (राषा)

Literary works, poetic prose, written in a way that conveys the essence of the text.

etc. (Myanmar Dictionary, Myanmar Language Group, 2008, page - 303)

Nine things

Dear Singhara

Happy

Compassion

The sound of the sound

Cruel, cruel, and evil

Disgusting vibes

Fearful, Bayana

Brave and courageous

Amazing, Abba.

Taste of Noh

I bought a book.

This is how the ancient masters must have organized it so that ordinary readers can easily understand it. There are nine kinds of rasas. Traditionally, it was easily understood like this. But there is also this. I am explaining it to the fullest.

Ten elements, ten kinds of four elements *

Love between men and women

Humorous laughter

Because of fear and anxiety

Anger, rage, and violence

The diligence of courage

What fear?

Disgust and disgust

Amazing surprise

Peace and stability

Love that is not lustful or lustful

* The Master himself is silent, the poet is buried,

Kyaw Lin Literature, ND pages 138, 150.

The extra (रसा) here is विलिसारसाथ. Our grandfather explained it this way.

In Valisaratha, there are brothers and sisters, sons and mothers,

The simple love between student and teacher

It means a kind of love.

--- The love between parents and children is sincere.

It is a righteous kind of love.

It should be considered as being full of the spirit of Valissa.

Grandfather Moi, The Funeral of the Poet, Letters, 138, 155.

So, in my opinion, I will only present the ten elements of the rasa. I have omitted the very difficult and profound topics (for fear of being overwhelmed). This does not affect the needs of the article. For example, (I did not mention the forty elements of the bhava, vibhava, anubhava, vyabhisaribhava, etc.) They are too detailed. To be brief --- the 40 elements of the bhava were spoken of by the Buddha in the Athitinipat, Mahakunala Jataka. The people who wrote the 40 elements of the bhava are the top scholars.

(1) Nyaungkan Sayadaw,

(2) Second Maungtaung Sayadaw,

(3) King Yo,

(4) Taungdwin Sayadaw Khin Gyi Pyaw.. Just think about it. A small particle like me will go far away. Now I will go back to where I started. Before. I showed the dictionary definition. In my simplest terms.....

Gratitude is pleasure. In other words, it is something that makes you happy.

He said, "Now we have to pick up that beginning again. Where do we start?"

Feeling of pleasure

Let's put it this way. When we eat, we eat a variety of dishes (sweet, sour, salty). We (feel) the (taste) that we get on the (tongue). Let's just say on the tongue. We like the taste on that tongue. We like it. The main thing is to like it. I liked it. That is (feeling the taste). In other words, that is --- feeling the taste. So --- We will think about the literature that we talked about in the beginning together with other arts. We will talk about it. We will study it. When we talk about literature, we should understand that it includes other arts. But literature is the main thing. We should also understand that we will talk about it mainly. Now what follows is ---

*How do we experience the emotions in literary art? How do we experience the emotions in literary art when we read it? In the above paragraph, I said --- it is a feeling of pleasure ---. Let's think about it this way.

*In a text (a novel) that we read, the love scenes, the love scenes, the love scenes between a man and a woman, a young man and a young woman (or) a man and a woman are vividly and vividly written. According to the nature of the story, that story, that chapter, that group of writings are full of love. The audience who reads it also likes and enjoys the actions and words of this young man and woman. As mentioned above, they feel love scenes. Let's think about another thing. Let's say a movie, the director, the actor, the actress, the supporting cast, and the actors are all good. The very important script is the script of a first-rate scriptwriter. The story is a tragedy. The heroine's husband and son are dead, her business is in ruins, people blame her, and her friends avoid her. In fact, the actress has nothing to do with it. The whole world is bad towards her, the actress is in tears, the audience is in tears, the whole theater is in tears. That is what I feel compassion for. In terms of nature, it is the nature of sorrow.

* I have a question. The dictionary defines (रासा) as (pleasant feeling) (Myanmar Dictionary, Myanmar Language Group, 2008, page 303). I defined it as (pleasure, delight). However, when you feel (कुरासा) and (शोकथायिभाव), you say that you cry without stopping. The question arises whether crying is (pleasant feeling). That is right. I am enjoying the scene of crying with tears, the way the heroine speaks, and how she cries, without realizing it. I am enjoying myself as the heroine cries and crying. That is what I feel (रासा).

* Let's think about another thing. Let's use a metaphor. We cut down a lot of forests and trees in our country and sold them to a foreign country (say China). The foreign country also bought them. Later, the trees were cut down and the forests were destroyed --- the consequences were --- (water overflowed, the water was high, the fields were submerged). When we heard and read this news, we became (angry). Speaking as (Rasa), we developed (Rudra) a feeling of disgust for the people who cut down the trees. Speaking as (Thayibhava), we developed (Koda) anger. We became angry. We developed (Ziguchsa) a feeling of disgust for the people who cut the trees and the people who bought them. Such anger