To the sky----Stephen Hawking's answer

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Translator's note

This is the last book by Stephen Hawking, one of the most famous cosmologists of our time. In the last year of his life, he wrote

One of the projects he led, and a landmark book that was published after his death, is Hawking's book. In it, he explores the big questions that interest everyone.

As mentioned, it is a treasure trove of knowledge filled with scientific theories, his thoughts, and ideas.

In the section on why we should be interested in the big questions, you should also read about his childhood, and while answering interesting questions like whether God exists, Hawking talked a lot about science and ideas. Within the lifetime of those alive today, we could send nanocraft spacecraft light years away from us, the benefits of AI, the problems we might face if AI robots outsmart humans in the future, time travel, and the possibility of time travelers.

How to throw a party for them and distribute the invitations after the party, how to know if there are planets, how to know if there are determinism, how to know if there are planets

People often think of scientists as materialists, but if you read this book, you will see the compassion and concern of a scientist. While most ordinary people are selfishly worried about their own lives, whether they will go to heaven after death, etc., Hawking was concerned about the future of humanity. All future generations are like his children and grandchildren.

He was concerned about the future of all future generations, the future of humanity, as if it were his own future. Even if it was an ego, I would say it was an ego dedicated to all humanity, a kind of charitable ego dedicated to humanity that had not yet been born.

In a chaotic world, a world full of evil, a world full of tyranny, a world full of small and big things, people often feel meaningless. I used to feel meaningless too. I used to think that being human was so meaningless, that being human was useless. But in the midst of such evil, a meaning of my own blossomed. I came to realize that only being human can experience the arts, sciences, mathematics, philosophy, and the beauty of nature. My determination to experience the higher pleasures of the human life festival has become stronger. I want to see what new arts, what new philosophies, what new scientific theories will emerge in the future. Will there be a theory of everything? In the end, String Theory

I'm curious to see if they will triumph, if Loop Quantum Gravity will become the new renaissance, or if both theories will fail.

Hawking wrote. Nanocrafts could be sent to the Alpha Centauri star system within the lifetime of those alive today. I wanted to live to see the images that those nanocrafts would send back. I wanted to live longer. Despite the evils in the human world, experiencing the pleasures and beauties of art, science, and nature as much as I could afford has become the meaning of life for me. I have come to appreciate life more. Hawking also wrote in this book. “We have this life to appreciate the grand design of the universe, and for that I am very grateful.” This book is Hawking’s last gift to humanity. So I am very happy and proud to have translated this book. It took me only two months to translate this book, but I really took it seriously. Although I had other work, I tried to reduce my sleep time and cut out all other time-consuming activities and spend at least five hours a day. On my best days, I translate all day. I don't mean to be dramatic. It was easy to complete in a short period of time, about two months.

I'm afraid they'll think I'm a bit biased. Let me tell you a little about my efforts and the emphasis I put on this book. When I translated this book, I was trying to understand the meaning of the English language very well.

Even if I don't understand the physics concept, I don't translate it just because I understand the language. Even if I understand it in English, when I find that the physics is not very clear, I stop translating for a while and find related articles and read them, or watch YouTube videos. I continue translating only when the math is clear. When it comes to numbers, I think I should calculate them carefully. For example, the original ebook version (the original paperback print version is an ebook)

While translating the converted epub file, at the bottom of question number 2, the temperature of CMD radiation in the book, minus 270.4 degrees Celsius, was converted to Fahrenheit, which is minus 5172 degrees Fahrenheit.

While translating, I had the urge to compare that temperature to absolute zero. That's where the problem started. I noticed that the Fahrenheit reading of 518.72 degrees Celsius in the original book was much colder than the absolute zero temperature of 45967 degrees Celsius. Absolute zero is the lowest temperature that can be reached, so it must be off by a few degrees. On the other hand, I wondered if I had missed something because Hawking wrote the book. When I did the math, I found that the Fahrenheit reading of 270.4 degrees Celsius was 454-72 degrees Celsius.

So the epub file was wrong and I also had a Kindle version that I bought, but I had a hard time translating it from the Kindle version, so I used the epub version. So when I compared it to the Kindle version, I found that the Kindle version had cut out the Fahrenheit conversion, so the Kindle version didn't have the error. The original print version of this book also comes in two versions: paperback and hardcover. The next day, I bought both print versions. The paperback (blue cover) on page 51 of the print version had the wrong Fahrenheit degrees, just like the epub file, and the hardcover version had Fahrenheit degrees.

There is no error because the conversion point is removed. So I don't include the Fahrenheit conversion in my translation either. If I hadn't been careful with the numbers and just switched languages, I would have missed the Fahrenheit degree difference and added that error.

| The book also includes information about DNA. Since DNA is not my area of ​​expertise, I asked my father online to translate it for me. My father is a doctor, so he knows more about DNA than I do. And about DNA. Both the original print versions (paperback and hardcover)

(also in the 1990s) is wrong. On page 73 and page 158, the four nucleic acids are listed as Adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine. Both the original print versions are wrong, but the Kindle version is correct. They are actually nitrogenous bases. I have not followed the print versions, but rather the Kindle version, which is correct, and have translated them as nitrogenous bases.

There is also an accidental error on page 176 of the original paperback print version. It should have been written that it would take 4 years for the nanocraft spacecraft to return signals. It was incorrectly written as “four light years.” A light year is not a distance. It’s not a time. It should be 4 years. There were also a few places in the book where I had to think about missing commas. For example, there was no comma between varitage and light, so suddenly what is vantage light? I had to think about vantage point. Then I read the sentence

After careful analysis, I concluded that I had left out the comma. However, having these things in mind made me read more carefully.

| This book by Hawking seems to have been written in a hurry. So there may be some accidental errors. But I

I would give Hawking's book full marks. The three or four minor errors are superficial. Despite these, I feel that the book is very dense and full of substance. I did not expect to find so many theories in one book, answering big questions. One difficulty that readers may have is that this book is a concise introduction to the theories while answering big questions, so in some places Hawking does not explain in detail. Some points are explained in detail in Hawking's previous books. This book sometimes goes beyond the level. However, in places where most readers will find it difficult, I have included my own explanations as translator's notes. The explanations are placed in square brackets so as not to interfere with the original text. I believe that they are explanations that will help without affecting the original author.

In order to preserve the meaning of the word research, I dare not use the term "research" when translating this book. However, I did some literature research where I thought it was necessary. For example, in the last closing question of the AI ​​chapter, Hawking said only two lines, but I felt that there might be some background behind it. I was curious and searched the Internet.

While doing research, I found out on a forum that Hawking was quoting a famous science short story. The original Hawking quote from the book didn't include any clues as to the author or the title of the novel. However, further research revealed that Hawking was quoting Fredric Brown's famous science short story Answer.

This was confirmed by Hawking's previous interviews.

Another thing to note is the cosmic string in the time travel chapter. If you were to attach a cosmic string to the sun, it would take a third of a second for the sun to accelerate from zero to sixty. I didn't know if those zeros and sixtys were kilometers or miles. I didn't know, but since I understand English, if I just kept the language as it was, it would work. If I did that, it wouldn't be wrong, but even I, the translator, wouldn't know why Hawking chose zero and sixty over no other numbers. I didn't want to translate it without knowing for sure, so I looked it up. Finally, in a forum, someone said that it was a custom in the UK and the US, and people from those countries were interested in cars. A car

It is measured by how long it takes for a car to accelerate from a standstill to 60 miles per hour. For a car, that's 6 seconds.

It takes about . It would take a cosmic string only 1/30th of a second to accelerate the sun that much. When I do a little math, the numbers Hawking gave match up.

Speaking of math, there are some calculations in about three places in my translation. For example, somewhere in the question number, in the translator's note, I found and calculated the equation for the exhaust speed of a rocket. The reason for the calculation is that if I leave it like that, some readers will already know the basics.

I'm afraid it will be like memorizing by rote. Although the calculations may make the text seem more difficult, they do not affect Hawking's writing style, and for those who are interested, I think they can even help him. However, if you are not interested in mathematics at all, you can skip those three or four places.

Where necessary, I have included my explanations as “translator’s notes,” but this is not intended to betray the original, but to support it and provide a bridge to the original. In translating, I try to be as close to the original as possible, as the language allows. However, in English, for example, which, who, and the like are used to write long sentences in one line, but in Burmese, sometimes I have to divide them into two sentences. If I write long sentences in the same way as English, it will not be the same as Burmese, and it will be more difficult to understand.

Not only in physics concepts, but also in English words that have two or three meanings, are translated after careful study. For example

In a short story about time travel, does Wight refer to a person? | Or a place? etc. The word Fuse means five.

Do you mean "to say" or "to say" or "to say" and so on? Think and search. Sometimes, when both meanings are possible, you can do a lot of thinking and searching. For example,

In Hawking's daughter Lucy Hawking's concluding remarks, "On the bleak greyness of. Cambridge spring day," bleak can refer to cold weather or a depressing state. So to be sure, look up the temperature in Cambridge at the time of Hawking's death on the internet. Their spring was | cold and breezy. It was cold. It was between 2 degrees and 12 degrees, so bleak can refer to a depressing state. It's possible that the word is an artistic way of combining two meanings, so I'll just translate it as both.

Regarding pronunciation, I'll look it up on the internet and try to write it as close as possible. Usually, it's a combination of words, for example: