U Cheun Myint - Summary English Grammar

The Syntax of English

How to make English sentences

1. Introductory Definitions

In order to build a sentence, you must first understand some basic facts about sentences.

To be able to construct a sentence, you must first understand some of the information that goes into the sentences.

1. The Meaning or Function of Sentences

Meaning (or) the function of sentences

There are several kinds of sentences. These can be classified according to the way they are used:

There are different types of sentences depending on how they are written and used. Sentences can be classified into different types.

1. A declarative sentence makes a statement of fact or a statement of opinion. In it the subject usually comes before the verb:
2. Declarative Sentence: A sentence that states something or expresses an idea. The subject clause always comes before the verb.

The door is open. The door is open.

1. An imperative sentence gives a command or makes a request:
2. An imperative sentence is a statement of force or demand.

John, close the door.

Will you close the door, John. John ... close the door.

Close the door, John.

1. An interrogative sentence asks a direct question. The sentence begins with an interrogative word:

What shall we have for lunch?

1. An Interrogative Sentence is a sentence that asks about a sudden, strong feeling. It begins with a question word.

What should we have for lunch?

1. D. An exclamatory sentence shows strong or sudden feeling. Such sentences usually begin with what or how and end with an exclamation mark:
2. An exclamatory sentence is a sentence that expresses a sudden, strong emotion. It usually begins with "What " or "How ." It ends with an exclamation mark like this (!)

What a nuisance!

How did I make that mistake! What a mistake!

How could I have made this mistake!

Whatever its function, every sentence has a subject and a predicate. In the imperative sentence the subject is understood to be "you". The remaining elements that make up sentences are either modifiers or complements.

Sentences have a Subject and a Predicate . An Imperative Sentence is a sentence that requires an action. In this sentence, the subject must be understood as you. Sentences are made up of onmiş sədossağa:@p:M6on? modifier 3900:GO?: complement clauses.

2. Sentence Structure
3. Subjects. The subject of a sentence is the person or thing the sentence is about. In some sentences the subject is understood, eg Stop! (the subject "you" is understood). Generally though, the complete subject includes the noun or noun substitute alone, without any of its modifiers. It normally occurs before the verb in sentences: eg
4. Sentence structure
5. Subjects The subject of a sentence is a person (or thing) inanimate. In some sentences, the subject is already known. For example, stop! Stop! ( the subject "you" is already known. Complete subject A complete subject contains a noun or noun substitute . Generally, the subject precedes the verb in the sentence .

The woman in the frilly pink dress came into the room. (The noun 'woman' is the subject)

A woman wearing a flowing pink dress entered the room. (The noun " woman " is the subject.)

Where are you going?

(the noun substitute, pronoun "you", is the subject) Where are you going?

(The noun replaces the noun, the pronoun " you " is the subject of the sentence.)

A compound subject consists of two or more nouns or noun phrases:

Anne and Peter Eden are playing badminton with us tonight.

Compound Subject Noun Phrases or Nouns contain more than two nouns.

Ann and Peter Dean will play badminton with us tonight.

1. Predicates. The predicate a sentence consists of the verb and its modifiers and complements. The predicate expresses the action or condition of the subject. Predicates may be simple or com

pound:

1. Predicates The predicate of a sentence consists of a noun, pronoun, object, and complement, which completes the modifier of the verb.

The simple predicate is the main verb or verb phrase in the predicate:

A simple verb phrase is a verb that is a part of a main verb or verb phrase .

Sue visited Switzerland last year. (= main verb)

The children were swimming in the sea. (= verb phrase)

I visited Switzerland last year. The children were swimming in the sea.

A compound predicate has two or more main verbs:

A Compound Predicate contains two ( or more) main verbs.

The clown joked, danced and sang. (= 3 main verbs)

He should have bought more fish. (= verb + complement)

Little girls cry very easily. (= verb + modifier)

A comedian sings, dances, and jokes.

He will have to buy more fish. Little girls cry easily.

1. Complements. While some verbs are complete in themselves (The girls ran; Birds fly), other verbs need a noun, noun substitute or adjective to complete their meaning. The term complement, then, means something that is needed to complete a grammatical construction. Complements may be a direct object, an object complement, a predicative adjective, or a predicative nominative:
2. Complement: Some verbs are complete in themselves. ( The girls ran; Birds fly) The girls ran. Birds fly. Some verbs are. noun . noun substitute. adjective. etc. are needed to complete the meaning of verbs. complement A word called complement refers to something that needs to be completed grammatically. complements Complements can be any of the following: direct object, object complement, predicative adjective, predicative nominative, etc.

The direct object is the noun which indicates the receiver of the action:

Direct object, direct object , subject is a noun that indicates that the action is received by the subject .

My brother plays the organ.

She celebrated her birthday yesterday.

My brother plays the organ.

Yesterday she celebrated her birthday.

The object complement follows the direct object and refers to the same thing, usually after verbs of naming or calling:

The director appointed Miss Fry a personnel officer.

The object complement follows the direct object of the verb.

Director Ms. Fry was appointed as the personal officer.

The predicative adjective is an adjective in the predicate referring to the subject:

Predicative adjective An assertive adjective is an adjective in a predicate that indicates the subject .

Eddie Howe was cheerful.

My father is quite fat. Eddie was happy. ( Sub: Happy)

My father is really fat. (Sub: 0.)

The predicative nominative is a noun or noun subject in the predicate naming or referring to the subject:

Predicative nominatives are nouns or noun subject nouns in the predicate verb that are indicated by the subject pronoun .

Those women are dentists. All of my sons have been scouts. Those women are dentists. All of my sons have been scouts.

3. Modifiers

Adverbs and adjectives (and phrases or clauses acting as adverbs and adjectives, eg prepositional phrases), are modifiers. They limit, describe, or identify the words they modify. Thus they are used to make ideas more exact and clear, Compare:

3. Modifiers Specializations

Adverbs and Adjectives ( including phrases and clauses that act as adverbs and adjectives , for example prepositional phrases ) are specialized modifiers. They limit the words they are qualifying. Therefore, they are used to describe actions in a precise and clear way.

Compare.

1. He threw a stone. Adjectives modify nouns.

The naughty boy threw

a sharp stone.

1. He threw a stone. The bad boy threw a sharp stone.

2. My brother repaired the An adverb modifies a verb.

radio. My brother carefully repaired the radio.

2. My brother repaired the radio. My brother carefully repaired the radio.

3. Eight am is a busy time. An adverb modifies an adjective.

Eight am is an usually busy time.

3. 8 am is busy time. 8 am is an adverb.

Unusual working hours. Specializing in the specialty.

4. The girl lays the guitar. A prepositional phrase modifies

The girl in the red dress a noun.

plays the guitar.

4. The girl plays the guitar.

The prepositional phrase "The girl wearing the red dress plays the guitar." The noun is "the girl wearing the red dress plays the guitar."