{"title":"ပုံနှိပ်စာအုပ် — ဥပဒေ ၊ ရည်ညွှန်းကိုးကား","description":null,"products":[{"product_id":"သတင်းထောက်၀င်းမြင့်ကြီး-အာဏာနဲ့ငွေ","title":"Reporter Win Myint Gyi - Power and Money","description":"\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Discussing their views\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eAfter the release of the book, The Sentences from the Courtroom, I received warm comments from readers and discussions with close friends. I was happy to meet with comments and discussions when I was expecting criticism in advance. I think my own thoughts, ideas, and opinions are correct, but when readers criticize from various perspectives, I can reconsider my own ideas and thoughts. The events in The Sentences from the Courtroom and the criticisms of my ideas come from various perspectives. When I criticize the book as a whole, I focus on the fact that good and evil coexist.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eIt is important to accept that good and evil are opposites that coexist. When describing a topic, there will be both positive and negative people on that topic. It is the freedom of a person to criticize a problem or issue from their own perspective, and there is no reason to prohibit it. However, in order to discuss whether such criticism is right or wrong, the person who was originally criticized should have the right to explain it again.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eAll the criticisms and discussions will be presented together. Reading the book \"The Courtroom Sentences\" is attractive because the events are presented in a novel-like manner. Reading this allows people to acquire legal information. When a case is concluded, the reasons for the incident are revealed, which is educational for the readers. This is a criticism from one perspective.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eAnother criticism is that some legal provisions are seen as providing guidance to criminals. For example, the indirect, though not direct, statement that not all defendants should plead guilty is seen as providing guidance to criminals not to plead guilty.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eRegarding the statement that beatings are morally and legally unacceptable acts in the investigation of a case, the critic is implying that if a criminal were interrogated by feeding him coconut rice and chicken, and with tea and bread and butter, this case would never have come to light.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003ePower and money\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eI do not need to discuss the first criticism in detail, but I would like to discuss the second point in detail. The idea that I expressed in the book \"Orders from the Court\" is based on the findings of the case. I would first like to mention a lecture given in a legal refresher course on how to properly defend a person arrested on suspicion of committing a crime.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThe defendant's statement\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e The conviction under Section 164\/364 of the Criminal Procedure Code is\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Under Section 24 of the Evidence Act, the evidence was taken and according to that statement\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e The accused may be punished. Moreover, the evidence of his innocence\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Under Section 300 of the Act, it can be considered in addition to other defendants.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e However, the only correct answer is that the other defendants\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eIt is said that he cannot be punished. (1958 Myanmar Supreme Court judgment)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Page 1. Aung Htun and the Union of Myanmar\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Page 29, The Beauty of the Court and the Union of Myanmar\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (Refers to the country) The defendants' statements are at least\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Only a second-class judge with the authority to take a decision can do so.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eA judge who has no authority to rule on justice.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Truth is not evidence. (1948, Myanmar)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (See page 49 of the ruling.)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eIn taking evidence, judges are to follow the procedure prescribed in Section 164\/364 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. The evidence so taken is admissible in evidence under Section 80 of the Evidence Act. This means that the relevant evidence does not need to be submitted through the judge who took the evidence, but can be considered as evidence in the case file.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eArticle 24 states that threats and inducements are prohibited.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e The defendant's statements, which were beyond expectation,\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e The court can use it against a defendant who confesses.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e The defendant's justifications were threats,\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Without temptation, the defendant automatically\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThe office can assume that it is a fair decision given according to its own will.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (1) To obtain justice without keeping the accused in custody for a long time.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (2) After giving a statement, the accused is not kept in police custody.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e To send to prison or to keep in police custody\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (See Article 404 of the Office Manual Law)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e(3) After the arrest of the accused, they should be kept in solitary confinement.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e They should not be kept together until they are properly restrained. If they are kept together,\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e The truth they give is ultimately the cause of the matter.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e It can be said that the decision was made after consultation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (4) When sent to the judge for clarification, the accused\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eYou should send it separately.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (5) Whether or not the accused will be acquitted, the Code of Conduct section\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e When inspecting according to 162, it is necessary to inspect each person separately and each other.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e To avoid knowing how to answer,\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e The purpose is to obtain a statement from the accused before charging them and taking them to trial.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eWhether the defendant pleads guilty and then fails to appear in court or not\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Even if they die after being charged, their righteousness is not lost.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Evidence is admitted under Section 32, Sub-Clause (3) of the Evidence Act.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e That justification can be applied to other defendants and considered.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (See page 48 of the 1948 Myanmar Code of Conduct.)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThe training is short and to the point, so you can easily understand the procedure for obtaining justice in accordance with the law.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eWhen these statements, which are said to have been obtained in accordance with the provisions of the law, are brought to trial, the accused, under torture, tell the truth as they were taught by the police. They deny that they have given the statement and retract the statement. This practice in the courtroom is a tradition that has been observed in cases that have already been concluded.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eIn major cases, the police take the evidence from the judge. When the accused denies the evidence in court, they start to think and criticize the evidence. Legal experts have also said that they should consider whether it is suitable for this era.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eWhen I met with a legal expert, he said that it is not a good idea to give a confession at the will of an ordinary person, but he expressed his opinion that a confession given by the police after being beaten and tortured is against police ethics and against the law. He also said that compared to other countries, Myanmar is still relatively easy to get a confession. In some countries in the world, the law states that a defendant can be punished for a confession he gives to the police, which is even worse.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eBased on the facts of the cases that have occurred, the findings are presented. In some cases, the accused is caught red-handed (with eyewitnesses) and the evidence is available, making it easy to file charges. In such cases, the accused and the lawyers who are acting on behalf of the accused cannot get out of the case, and they can only evade the case by taking legal measures and reducing the case to a minor one. They try to evade.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eIn cases where the defendant did not remember the crime and the crime occurred in absentia, it is necessary to obtain a confession from the defendant (investigation) because it is a case where there are discrepancies in the witnesses, evidence, and statements of the defendant in order to make a charge.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eIn the first type of case, there is no point in dispute, but in the second type of case, the evidence and the defendant's claims are considered good and the claims are justified.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eIt is also possible to doubt that fair and unfair methods can be used to obtain justice. Therefore, it must be clarified that this is only a way for legal experts to consider what is right and just in this era by analyzing and criticizing the circumstances of the case, and is not a guide for those who commit crimes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eI would like to discuss the criticism that feeding a suspect with coconut rice and chicken soup, tea and bread and butter will not lead to a case being investigated. When the accused in cases of suspected cases, or the accused who are arrested and interrogated on a one-sided charge, deny that they have committed the crimes against them, beating and inflicting pain on the arrested person in order to investigate the case is not among the skills taught in the police academy, but we often read in the newspapers that some police officers are practicing this evil practice. There may be people who have been arrested without being reported.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eEven beating the accused to solve the case only shows that the police officers are inferior. If a case is solved only by beating, it is not an acceptable practice according to the law, but rather an illegal one.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThis is a copy of the Police Manual for researchers, which states how police officers and employees should treat someone who arrives at the police station.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Any police officer or employee in their custody\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e If you hurt someone \"without reason\"\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eAnd the officer was convicted by a criminal court.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Imprisonment of up to three months, or\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Fine or both (or both)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Section 43 of the Police Act of 1945 provides that the\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eIf such action is not taken, criminal charges may be filed.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Torture of prisoners who are unable to resist\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e This behavior is a derogatory act against the reputation of the police force.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e The perpetrators should not be spared in any way.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eNo matter what level of torturer he is,\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Whether serving or being permanently dismissed from office,\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Punishment must continue, and those in custody must be held accountable.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e By being harsh in supervision or\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eEven the slightest injury could tarnish the reputation of the police force.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e The police officers and employees made special efforts to deal with the situation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e They must guard and protect (1380).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eIn this Act and in the Police Manual, it is found that both good and bad behavior are prohibited. However, in the Police Manual, in the prohibition against beating and torturing those who have been taken into custody, I noticed a phrase that is not left out. That phrase is the phrase “without reason.” Although the statement in the Police Manual clearly prohibits hurting those who have been taken into custody, I think that the phrase is likely to raise objections to that prohibition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThe phrase “without cause” implies that “if there is cause” the pain can be inflicted. What does “cause” mean? I think a precise definition should be given here. Why? In the same prohibition, 1380, the phrase “prisoners who are unable to resist” is also mentioned below. What cause can appear to a person who is unable to resist?\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThe fact that a person in police custody resists the police is a situation that should be seriously considered. A person who is in the hands of those who can easily and quickly turn them upside down should be seriously considered for obstructing or resisting the police without any reason. It is a separate issue that should be considered for those who resist during arrest.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThe phrase \"without cause\" carries the meaning of allowing or permitting police officers to search and beat someone without cause for the case to arise. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the meaning of the phrase precisely.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eAccording to the Penal Code, it is clear. If someone hurts another person, regardless of whether they are an officer, employee, or civilian, they will be punished according to the extent of their actions. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"စိတ်ကူးချိုချိုစာပေ","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45543611859093,"sku":"","price":2250.0,"currency_code":"MMK","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0609\/9756\/6613\/products\/1_54568f0c-2828-4e8f-9e03-84126277aedc.jpg?v=1730242375"},{"product_id":"ကျော်မောင်မောင်-စရိတ်လစာနှင့်ချီးမြှင့်ငွေဥပဒေများ","title":"Kyaw Maung Maung - Salary and Bonus Laws","description":"\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Expenses, salaries and bonuses laws\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e The Union of Myanmar\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e State Peace and Development Council\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eAwards, allowances and insignia of Union-level individuals\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Law\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (State Peace and Development Council Law No. 2\/2011)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e 1372, 6th day of the new moon of Pyatho\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (January 10, 2011)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Introduction\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eAs Article 443 of the Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar stipulates that the State Peace and Development Council shall carry out the necessary tasks to be carried out in advance of the implementation of the Constitution, it is necessary to enact relevant laws to ensure the smooth functioning of the legislative, administrative and judicial functions of the State, to carry out the tasks to be carried out when the various parliaments are convened, and to carry out the tasks to be carried out in advance in accordance with the law.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eTherefore, the State Peace and Development Council has enacted this law in accordance with Article 443 of the Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar in order to provide the Union-level officials who serve under the Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar with remuneration, allowances and insignia commensurate with the duties they perform for the benefit of the State and the citizens.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eChapter (1)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Description of name and meaning\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e 1. This law may be cited as the Law on the Emoluments, Expenses and Allowances of Union-Level Persons. The following expressions in this law shall have the meanings indicated below:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (a) The Constitution means the Republic of the Union of Myanmar.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e The Constitution of the country.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eFor the purposes of this law, Union level persons mean the President, Vice President, Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw, Speaker of the National Assembly, Chief Justice of the Union, President of the Constitutional Tribunal, Chairman of the Union Election Commission, Deputy Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw, Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly, Union Minister, Attorney General of the Union, Auditor General of the Union, Chairman of the Union Civil Service Commission, Judge of the Supreme Court of the Union, Member of the Constitutional Tribunal, Member of the Union Election Commission, Deputy Minister, Deputy Attorney General, Deputy Auditor General and Member of the Union Civil Service Commission.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\"Emolument\" means the monthly emolument specified in this law to which Union level individuals are entitled.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (d) Expenses means the expenses specified in this law to which Union-level persons are entitled for travel, stops during travel, accommodation and meals on their official duties.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eInsignia means the insignia specified in this law that Union-level individuals are entitled to in accordance with the duties they perform.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Chapter (2)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Award money\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e The President is entitled to a monthly allowance of one million five hundred thousand kyats.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e The Vice President is entitled to a monthly allowance of four hundred thousand kyats.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThe following individuals are entitled to receive a monthly allowance of thirty-five hundred thousand kyats:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (a) Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw,\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (b) Speaker of the National Assembly,\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (c) The Chief Justice of the Union.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e The following individuals are entitled to receive a monthly bonus of three hundred thousand kyats:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (a) The President of the Constitutional Court of the State,\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eUnion-level individuals who are members of the military are entitled to receive only one type of monthly allowance or salary of their choice from the monthly allowances and salaries entitled to as members of the military under Sections 5, 6 and 7.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eUnion-level individuals are entitled to receive the civil service retirement salary while receiving the monthly allowance under this law. However, those who are entitled to political pension shall not be entitled to receive such political pension during this period.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"စိတ်ကူးချိုချိုစာပေ","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45529265799317,"sku":"","price":2850.0,"currency_code":"MMK","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0609\/9756\/6613\/products\/1_525ed417-bcc6-465a-b6c5-c970f206044c.jpg?v=1730262931"},{"product_id":"ကျော်မောင်မောင်-စုပေါင်းပိုင်အဆောက်အအုံဆိုင်ရာဥပဒေနှင့်နည်းဥပဒေများ","title":"Kyaw Maung Maung - Laws and regulations on condominiums","description":"\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Law on condominiums\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (2016, Union Parliament Law No. 24.)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (1377, 5th day of the full moon of Pyatho)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (January 29, 2016)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e The Union Parliament has enacted this law.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Chapter (1)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Name and meaning description\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e1. This law shall be known as the Law on Collective Buildings.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e 2. The following expressions in this law have the following meanings:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e It must have a meaningful effect.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (a) A condominium building means a building under this law.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eA high-rise building with 6 floors or more constructed as a condominium on registered condominium land. This term also includes condominium property and apartments that are planned for use by the condominium owners.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e(b) Rules on collective property (b) Collective property means the following items related to a collective property:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (1) Collectively owned land registered under this law;\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e(2) Equipment and fixtures installed in the parts of the jointly owned building that are of common interest to the joint owner, except for the individually owned houses built on the said jointly owned land.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e To be used for the benefit of the collective owners\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e(3) Constructed or maintained buildings, educational and health facilities and equipment, gardens, parks and vegetation, water supply, sewage disposal and sanitation facilities, energy distribution facilities, roads, bridges and sewers, and communication facilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e(c) Collectively owned land means the land and vacant land to which all the collective owners of the jointly owned building and property belong in accordance with the existing law.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (d) Foreigner means a person who is not a citizen or a person who is not a resident alien or a person who is not eligible for naturalization.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e(e) Founder means a department, organization or person that has invested money and obtained a business license issued under the Law on Cooperative Buildings and this Law to operate the business of establishing co-operative buildings. This term does not include banks and financial institutions, and insurance companies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e(f) Co-owner means a person who has obtained a house registration certificate under this law as the legal owner of a house or houses in a co-owned building. This term also includes the heir or legal transferee of a co-owner.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (g) The original proportionate share capital value means the collective ownership\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eTransfers for each apartment in the building\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e For value and for the sake of the collective building,\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e The amount of funds to be contributed for management and maintenance, as well as the proportion of your property value determined by the founder with the agreement of the relevant condominium management committee.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e(h) A dwelling unit means a separate, enclosed dwelling unit constructed as an individual property for living in a communal building or for other use with the permission of the executive body.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e(iii) Association means a condominium association that has obtained a registration certificate issued under this law for the purpose of managing and maintaining a condominium.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Rules for condominium buildings\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (j) Member means a person who has obtained a club registration certificate.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eObtaining a condominium registration certificate.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (k) Executive Board means the executive board of the condominium association formed by the condominium association to manage and maintain the condominium.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e(l) Temporary body means the temporary executive body of a collective building formed under this law.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (m) Ministry means the Ministry of Works of the Union Government.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Build\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e( ၑ ) Management Committee means the Region or State Management Committees and the Nay Pyi Taw Council Management Committee formed under this Law to implement the objectives of this Law on a regional basis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (o) Department means the Ministry of Construction, Urban Development and\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e The Department of Housing Development.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e(a) Registrar means the Registrar of Collectively Owned Buildings appointed by the Ministry of Construction to register contracts and documents relating to collectively owned land and collectively owned buildings.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"စိတ်ကူးချိုချိုစာပေ","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45529269371029,"sku":"","price":2850.0,"currency_code":"MMK","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0609\/9756\/6613\/products\/1_9152b7c0-d897-4450-8168-af518a6acc52.jpg?v=1730262967"},{"product_id":"ကျော်မောင်မောင်-နိုင်ငံခြားသုံးငွေစီမံခန့်ခွဲမှုဥပဒေ","title":"Kyaw Maung Maung - Foreign Exchange Management Law","description":"\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Foreign Exchange Management Law\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e(2012, Union Parliament Law No. 12.)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e 1354, 8th day of the second full moon of Waso\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (August 10, 2012)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Introduction\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThe Union Parliament has enacted this law in order to improve foreign exchange management and to expand foreign economic relations and cooperation that will contribute to the socio-economic development of the country.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Chapter (1)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Name and meaning description\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e1. This law shall be called the Foreign Exchange Management Law.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e 2. The following expressions in this law shall have the meanings indicated below:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (a) The State means the Republic of the Union of Myanmar.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e(b) Foreign currency includes foreign currency (coins), banknotes, postal money orders, checks, money orders, traveler's checks, money orders, money orders and promissory notes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (c) The term \"foreign currency\" includes the following:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (1) Foreign currency, cash,\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e(2) Contracts payable in foreign currency or payable abroad;\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (3) Deposits with international government financial institutions, foreign central banks, treasuries, and commercial banks;\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (4) Accounts opened in foreign currency in local banks,\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e(5) Securities and bonds denominated in foreign currency issued or guaranteed by foreign governments, foreign financial institutions and intergovernmental financial institutions.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"စိတ်ကူးချိုချိုစာပေ","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45529271206037,"sku":"","price":1350.0,"currency_code":"MMK","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0609\/9756\/6613\/products\/1_59536188-a8de-418c-bbff-bd882c29dd53.jpg?v=1730263000"},{"product_id":"ကျော်မောင်မောင်-မြေလွတ်မြေလပ်နှင့်မြေရိုင်းများစီမံခန့်ခွဲရေးဥပဒေ","title":"Kyaw Maung Maung - Vacant Land and Waste Land Management Law","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eVacant, Fallow and Wild Land Management Law\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (2012, Union Parliament Law No. 10)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e 1353, 8th day of the new moon of Tagu\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (March 30, 2012)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e The Union Parliament has enacted this law.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Chapter (1)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Name and meaning description\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e 1. This law shall be called the Vacant, Fallow and Wild Land Management Law.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e2. The following expressions in this law shall have the meanings indicated below:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (a) The Central Committee means vacant land, fallow land and waste land.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e The Central Committee of the Management Committee.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (b) Ministry means the Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation of the Union Government.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (c) Department means the Department of Land Records and Land Registry.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e(d) Working Group means the vacant, fallow and waste land management support group formed under this law.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e(e) Vacant land, fallow land means land that was previously cultivated under tenant farming but has been abandoned for various reasons and is suitable for agricultural or livestock farming without any tenant farmer, and land designated by the State as a special reserve.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e(f) \"Wild land\" means land that has never been cultivated, whether or not it is covered with trees, bamboo or shrubs, and whether or not it is flat in terms of its topography, and that has never been cultivated, whether or not it is new or uncultivated. This term also includes forest reserves, grazing lands and lakes that have been legally cleared for agriculture, livestock farming, mineral extraction and other activities permitted by law.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e(g) Insurance premium means vacant land, fallow land and waste land.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e The security deposit is a deposit or guarantee specified in accordance with these laws for the advance payment specified by the authorized person or user for the business to be operated or used in a bank recognized by the Union Government.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e(f) Land tax means the land tax determined by the rules made under this law, which determines the rate to be paid to the state by the person entitled to use vacant, fallow and waste land, according to the business carried out by the person entitled to use it.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (i) Perennial means a plant grown in the same season.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eIt refers to fruits and trees that can be profitable in a certain period of the year, depending on the type of plant.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (j) Garden crops are those that are grown in a single row.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e These are trees that are planted singly or in combination and that are harvested repeatedly but do not need to be replanted until the end of their life.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e(k) Seasonal crop means a crop that is grown during the growing season.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e This refers to a crop that requires additional land preparation and planting after it has been harvested and received income.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (l) Mineral production means the production of minerals in Myanmar.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e \"Mining\" means the activity of producing minerals as defined in Section 2, Subsection (j) of the Mining Law.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Chapter (2)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eFormation of a Central Committee for the Management of Vacant, Fallow and Wild Lands\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e 3. The President\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e(a) In order to effectively and properly utilize and manage vacant, fallow and uncultivated lands for the economic development of the State, a Central Committee for the Management of Vacant, Fallow and Uncultivated Lands shall be formed, consisting of the Union Minister of the Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation as the Chairman, the Director General of the Department of Land and Survey as the Secretary, and appropriate persons from relevant government departments and organizations and other appropriate persons as members, in order to conduct commercial agriculture, livestock, mineral production and other activities in accordance with the law permitted by the Government.\u003c\/p\u003e \n(b) The Central Committee formed under subsection (a) may be amended as necessary.","brand":"စိတ်ကူးချိုချိုစာပေ","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45529273204885,"sku":"","price":1800.0,"currency_code":"MMK","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0609\/9756\/6613\/products\/1_99ec7353-79fd-4fd1-b9da-fa64a7758a1f.jpg?v=1730263022"},{"product_id":"ကျော်မောင်မောင်-အသေးစားငွေရေးကြေးရေးလုပ်ငန်းဥပဒေ","title":"Kyaw Maung Maung - Microfinance Law","description":"\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e \u003cstrong data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eMicrofinance Law\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e \u003cstrong data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e(2011, Union Parliament Law No. 13.)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e \u003cstrong data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e1353, 5th day of the new moon of the Nattaw month\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e \u003cstrong data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e(November 30, 2011)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThe Union Parliament has enacted the following law.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Chapter (1)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Name and meaning description\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e 1. This law may be called the Microfinance Business Law.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e 2. The following expressions in this law shall have the meanings indicated:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e(a) Microfinance refers to the provision of small loans to the grassroots, acceptance of deposits from them, remittance of funds, insurance business, borrowing from domestic and foreign sources, and other financial activities.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e(b) Microfinance Institutions Law Microfinance institutions are domestic and foreign \u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eorganizations, partnerships, companies, cooperatives, banks and non-bank financial institutions that have been established and registered under the Microfinance Act and have obtained a business license to operate and operate microfinance institutions with the aim of reducing poverty among the grassroots and improving their socio-economic lives.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e(c) Microcredit refers to money lent without the need for collateral to reduce poverty and improve the socio-economic lives of the grassroots.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (d) The grassroots means the rural and urban income\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e The people, including the poor farmers, workers, and vendors.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (e)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThe Rural Development and Poverty Reduction Working Committee is a body established by the Office of the President.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e The Rural Development and Poverty Reduction Working Committee.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (f) Ministry means the Ministry of Finance and Revenue of the Union Government.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e(g) Supervisory Committee means the microfinance institution established by the Union Government under this Law.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"စိတ်ကူးချိုချိုစာပေ","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45529273630869,"sku":"","price":630.0,"currency_code":"MMK","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0609\/9756\/6613\/products\/1_db2f6077-2df8-469f-8fc5-b3a5d648b642.jpg?v=1730263051"},{"product_id":"ဦးမြင့်လွင်တရားလွှတ်တော်ရှေ့နေ-စာချုပ်စာတမ်းအမျိုးမျိုးချုပ်ဆိုနည်းလမ်းညွှန်","title":"U Myint Lwin (Lawyer) - Guide to signing various contracts","description":"\u003cdiv data-mce-fragment=\"1\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e Chapter (1)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv data-mce-fragment=\"1\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e Contract introduction \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv data-mce-fragment=\"1\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e 1. One hundred and one words\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eAccording to the proverb, one hundred words is a written record of one's agreements, not verbally, between oneself and those who inherit one's rights, in order to avoid future disputes and dishonesty.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e 2. Contract\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eA contract is a written document that establishes a mutual agreement between two or more people, or between one person and another, regarding money or property.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e 3. Various contracts\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eIn the social sphere, there are various types of contracts, such as mutual trust agreements, loan agreements, car purchase agreements, apartment purchase agreements, land and house purchase agreements, land purchase registration agreements, gift of property registration agreements, adoption agreements, and ownership transfer agreements.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e4. Land Title Deed and Registration Deed\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e All unregistered contracts are land contracts, and contracts that are registered by paying the prescribed stamp duty and registration fee at the relevant deed registration office are called registered contracts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e 5. Legal contracts\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eContracts will only be legally binding if they are signed in accordance with statutory laws such as the Transfer of Property Act, Contracts Act, Registration Act, Stamp Duty Act, and other relevant laws. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv data-mce-fragment=\"1\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e Chapter (2)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv data-mce-fragment=\"1\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e Meanings of laws \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv data-mce-fragment=\"1\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e 1. Things you should know about the Contract Act\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e(1) Contract Act\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e An agreement that is legally enforceable, enforceable, and enforceable is called a contract. Section 2 (h) of the Contracts Act\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (2) Items to be included in the contract\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (a) Proposal or offer (Proposal)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e To make from one person to another or\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThe other side makes it clear that it is not done.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e It is called making an agreement or confession.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (b) Acceptance\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e The other party hears and agrees with the proposal of one party.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e It is called acceptance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e(c) Consideration in accordance with the promise\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e There must be a price that is consistent with the promise.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (d) Agreement\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e 1 - One or more must be entered.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e 2 - There must be communication without doubt.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e 3 - There must be a connection according to tradition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e 4 - Must communicate in accordance with the law.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e5 - Must be involved with stakeholders.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (e) Free agreement\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e 1 - There shall be no coercion.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e 2 - Do not exert undue influence.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e 3 - There must be no fraud.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e 4 - Do not misrepresent.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (3) Void covenant\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eAs stated in Section 2(g), an agreement that cannot be sued is a void agreement, and the contract made under that agreement will be void. Similarly, under Section 2(j), a contract that completely ceases to be sued is also a void agreement.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (4) Void Agreement Section - 2 (g)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eAn agreement that cannot be legally enforced is a void agreement.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e The ten (10) types of agreements that are void under contract law are as follows.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e 1 - One of the parties to the agreement is not competent to enter into the agreement,\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (Persons under 18 years of age, insane, persons prohibited from entering into contracts) (Section-11)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e2 - The major points of agreement between the two parties\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Mistake in fact (Section - 20)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e 3 - Any consideration and purpose contrary to law\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Prostitution (Section - 23)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e 4 - The agreement does not contain any promise or agreement (Section - 25)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e5 - The agreement contains a clause prohibiting marriage (Article 26)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e 6 - The agreement covers trade and the pursuit of one's own livelihood.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Prohibition of holding (Section - 27)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e 7 - Agreement is a bar to litigation (Article 28)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8 - The agreement is unclear and ambiguous, making it difficult to understand.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (Section - 29)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e 9- Consent applies to gambling (Article 30) 10-\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Consent to do something that is impossible (Section 36)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (5) Voidable Contract Section - 2 (5)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eIf one of the parties to a contract objects to a provision of a contract through legal channels, the contract is void and the other party cannot take action.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e It means a contract that can be voided. It can only be voided if the injured party wants it to be voided. It can also be valid if the injured party does not want it to be voided.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e(6) Void Contract Section - 2 (j)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e A contract that has been completely extinguished by law or by the power to enforce it is void when that power to enforce it ceases.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (7) Obligations of the person signing the contract\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (a) Must fulfill the promise made.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e(b) If the promisor dies, the heirs shall continue to comply.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Failure to do so entitles the other party to rescind the contract or to claim compensation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e You can sue for breach of contract.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (8) Exemption of joint pledgee\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eEven if one of the co-signers is exempted, the other person is not exempted. The exempted person has the right to claim compensation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (9) Discharge of Contracts\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e 1 - The signed contract is executed as agreed upon by both parties.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Only then will we reach the end.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e2 - To forgive\/forgive\/break a promise to act\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e 3 - Mutually agreed cancellation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e 4 - Ending because it is impossible and cannot be done\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e 5 - Termination by law,\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e 6 - The contract is void and terminated according to the terms of the contract.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (10) Right to cancel the contract\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eSections 19 and 19(a) of the Contract Law provide:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e When an agreement is made by force, fraud, or misrepresentation, the agreement is voidable if the person who made the agreement wishes to have it void. If the person dies, the surviving heirs have the right to cancel the agreement.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eSimilarly, if a contract as mentioned in Section 39 of the Specific Relief Act is not voidable in relation to a person, or if he can avoid the contract and avoid it, or if he has reason to fear that the contract will cause serious harm to him if it is not rescinded, then he can sue to have the contract voidable and rescinded.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e 2. What you should know about the Transfer of Property Act\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Points\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (1) Transfer of property means the transfer of property from one person to another during one's lifetime.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e One or more people, now or in the future, have property\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e It is called transfer. (Section - 5)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e(2) The following items cannot be transferred:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (a) Inheritance of property and other rights.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (b) The right to repossess a property due to a violation of the rules shall be reserved only to the relevant property owner.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Transferable.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (c) Materials related to the right to use\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e(d) The interests and ownership rights of the property granted exclusively to the owner.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (e) Benefits to which an individual is entitled in the future\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (f) Rights to sue\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (g) Government employee salaries\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (h) Pensions and political pensions of military personnel and civil servants\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eetc. (Section - 6)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Other Websites","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":43224283218069,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"MMK","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0609\/9756\/6613\/products\/1_a5e3b54d-d260-4c0e-9889-59b3a247c820.jpg?v=1730280489"},{"product_id":"ပါမောက္ခဦးကျော်ညွန့်ငြိမ်း-ကမ္ဘာ့သင်္ဘောလုပ်ငန်းအကြောင်းသ်ကောင်းစရာအဖြာဖြာ","title":"ကမ္ဘာ့သင်္ဘောလုပ်ငန်းအကြောင်းသ်ကောင်းစရာအဖြာဖြာ","description":"\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; 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