{"title":"အီးဘွခ် — သမိုင်း","description":null,"products":[{"product_id":"တက္ကသိုလ်စိန်တင်-၁၉၄၅မြန်မာနိုင်ငံ-ဖက်ဆစ်တော်လှန်ရေးသမိုင်း","title":"University Diamond - History of the 1945 Burma-Fascist Revolution","description":"\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: Click on Buy it \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003enow to download the ebook\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003e. After placing your free order, the download link\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003ewill be sent to the reader's email address used to log in to the mgyoe.com website.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: The Ebook (Free) books \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eon\u003c\/span\u003e mgyoe.com \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eare only books that have been circulating on the internet for a long time.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eIt is just a compilation so that readers can easily find it when they want to read it.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eIf reprinted by libraries, the download links for these e-books will be removed.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Other Websites","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":43834526793877,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"MMK","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0609\/9756\/6613\/products\/1_b82ecd22-4e17-4d2f-ad2b-bdbfd791f338.jpg?v=1730270809"},{"product_id":"တက္ကသိုလ်စိန်တင်-ပုဂံရှာပုံတော်၁","title":"University Diamond - Bagan Shapon Daw (1)","description":"\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: Click on Buy it \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003enow to download the ebook\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003e. After placing your free order, the download link\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003ewill be sent to the reader's email address used to log in to the mgyoe.com website.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: The Ebook (Free) books \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eon\u003c\/span\u003e mgyoe.com \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eare books that have been circulating on the internet for a long time.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eIt is just a compilation so that readers can easily find it when they want to read it.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eIf reprinted by libraries, the download links for these e-books will be removed.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e ------------------------------------\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e 1 Note on the Bagan Shabon\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e Tattoo\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eAbout two months ago, Sein Tin, a university student, came to my house with his wife, “Sem.” As he was about to leave, he brought me a copy of his book, The Search for Bagan 1. He offered me an article to write about it without asking me. I looked through his book a little and then put it on my bookshelf with other books. I have weak eyesight and cannot read much. I made up my mind to read his book slowly whenever I had time. Up to this age, I used to write articles every day, especially in the morning. I also wrote for two or three hours in the afternoon, so I had very little time to read because I had to write many articles every month. Soon, Sein Tin, a university student, came back. This time, \"Sim\" is going to be the next edition of his book, \"U Thant\". At that time, he had requested and received comments and criticisms from some writers about his \"Pagan Shapon Daw\", and only two or three were left for him. I was among those who were left. That's right. I also promised.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003e“I have to say. I have read a little of your book and I am interested. I am not sure that I am strong enough to write articles every month. I cannot give up writing without being strong enough. I have read a little of your book and I know that it is a good book to read. Now that you are here, I will have to get my hands on your book. Give me ten or fifteen days,” he said.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eAfter he left, I read his book as much as I could as a task. After I finished reading the entire book, I decided to write a review and finished it before the deadline.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eAs the title suggests, after reading the great historical texts of Bagan and going to Bagan to study them, he began writing the book. In his “Book Editor’s Note,” he says:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003e“The Book of Bagan Shapon Daw 1 is now in the hands of the beloved reader. In this book, the events of King Narathihapat, who brought an end to the great kingdom that Anawrahta Aunglan Talulu had built, are presented. The University of Myanmar’s Sein Tin is planning to continue writing the series of books on the Book of Bagan Shapon Daw. It is reported that in future series, the greatness of Bagan, the beauty of Bagan, and the splendor of Bagan will continue to be presented in the form of a novel, along with historical events.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eAs he describes, “In the first chapter of Bagan Shapon Daw, titled “A Piece of Betel Saliva That Stained History,” the conflict between Crown Prince Thiha Thu and the minister Raja Thingyan is described in a “novel style” as the uproar in the palace after Thiha Thu insulted the minister by spitting betel on his robe. The subsequent chapters are also described in a novel style, presenting the conclusion of the history of Bagan.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eThe University of Myanmar's Sein Tin does not write chronicles or history books. He only writes historical fiction. He writes historical fiction in his own style without losing the historical context, and it is possible that historians and those who do not like history written in the form of novels will be dissatisfied. The dissatisfaction of those who prefer history to be presented in the form of history should not be mentioned at all. However, the University of Myanmar's Sein Tin is not a historian.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eA writer who writes novels and articles. Unlike scholars like writers and historians, they are just people who walk a different path.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eHere, I would like to give an example of a small experience. It has been a long time. Once, I attended a history seminar at the university. During the seminar, a historian said that it was necessary to write about historical facts in detail. He said that during World War II, the German dictator Hitler besieged Leningrad, Russia, for nine hundred days. After investigating this incident, books by some historians and books by some writers came out. Among these books are 'The Siege of Leningrad' written by a history professor at Moscow University, Russia, and 'Nine Hundred Days in Leningrad' by the American novelist Harrison Salisbury. Professor Thimain referred to the two books and said that only the Russian professor's book \"The Siege of Leningrad by German Troops\" should be accepted as it describes everything that happened, while the book by author \"Salisbury\" edited historical facts and added imaginary events.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eSitting next to him, I said, \"Salsbury's book is not a history book, it's a novel. It's written in the style of historical novels. It's the job of historians to present historical facts in their own way. They only write about things that are specific and well-founded. It's just science fiction. A novel is a combination of science and fiction. It's different.\"\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eBy mixing science with reason, the writer based on the solid historical data and logically adding human nature, human character, and human reactions and feelings, historical novels and historical novels are found in various world literatures. These logical movements are the nature of humans. It is right for the writer to take that nature and create and refine the story according to the plot. Historians cannot do such a job. They say, \"If we have to describe reality as it is, then it is not too much to ask whether the reality they find is complete.\"\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eFor example, when Thiha Thu was in the conference room, the minister of the royal Thingyan accidentally spit on the minister's clothes without paying attention to the dignity of the minister. However, if you ask me if it is a sin for a writer to describe in detail a human nature such as how the incident unfolded in the palace, what would I answer? The writer has the right to elaborate on the details.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eIn concluding my comments on “The Search for Bagan (1)” by Uyin Sein Tin, I would like to glance at Uyin Sein Tin and ask with a smile, “Although it is written in the style of a novel, isn’t it more like a fragment of a novel when Uyin Sein Tin enters and talks to the reader while describing the actions and reactions of the characters involved in the events?”\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eBut... But, I want to say it out of respect, but I won't. Every writer has their own 'writing style.' It is their 'property'. No one else should infringe on it. \"Let them have their own style,\" they should take to heart.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: right;\"\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eTattoo\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e, October\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e4\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e,\u003c\/strong\u003e 1998 \u003cstrong\u003e, Sunday\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Other Websites","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":43834492223637,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"MMK","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0609\/9756\/6613\/products\/1_31e46314-d269-4bdc-9329-2e78e814948a.jpg?v=1730272939"},{"product_id":"တင်နိုင်တိုး-ပုဂံရွှေပြည်မှသူရဲကောင်းများ","title":"Tin Naing Toe - Heroes from the Golden Land of Bagan","description":"\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: Click on Buy it \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003enow to download the ebook\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003e. After placing your free order, the download link\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003ewill be sent to the reader's email address used to log in to the mgyoe.com website.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: The Ebook (Free) books \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eon\u003c\/span\u003e mgyoe.com \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eare only books that have been circulating on the internet for a long time.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eIt is just a compilation so that readers can easily find it when they want to read it.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eIf reprinted by bookstores, the download links for these e-books will be removed.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e------------------------------------\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eDepartment of University Historical Research\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eDirector's order\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eTin Naing Toe is a historian who writes and compiles history books. He is also a researcher who researches and uncovers little-known historical facts and records. Now, he has written a book for the new generation of students based on the story of four heroes of the Bagan era.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eBurmese chronicles say that there were four heroes in the Bagan period: Kyan Sittha, Nga Khru, Nga Lone Lap Phae, and Nyaung U Phi. However, among these four heroes, only Kyan Sittha became a king, and historical evidence can be found to support this claim. Kyan Sittha's name is only found in stone inscriptions as Htee Lai Min. There is no evidence to support the names of the other three heroes. Therefore,\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eThe great Bagan heroes such as Nga Khru, Nga Lone Lak Phae, and Nyaung Oo Phi were like legends.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eThe names of the heroes of the Bagan period were first found in U Kala's Maharajwin Dawagyi, and then in the second volume of the Wandsameda Pakathani (Wangsameda Pakathani) compiled by Sayadaw Shin Nandia on (22) September 1875 during the reign of King Mindon of the Konbaung period, it is mentioned as Ngaharu Myay Yadanarbon Miyara in the story of Alaung Sithu Min.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eIt is found that the name of Queen Yadanabon is also inscribed on the Bagan Dynasty Pagoda inscription dated (22) April 1140, as follows: “King Sithu’s Queen Yadanabon, the Dynasty Pagoda.” It seems that behind the stories and legends, there are some historical facts hidden.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eSimilarly, the descendants of Nyaung U Phee are also found in a document from the Konbaung period. This document is the \"Tham Sya Ta Swe Taw Si\" document compiled by the courtier Myint Nay Myo Nanda Kyaw Htin during the reign of King Mindon. In this document, it is mentioned that the wife of Narapati Sithu was Nyaung Ok Phee (Nyaung U Phee), a warrior during the reign of King Anawrahta, his son Bo Tuju, his son Wiswe, and his daughter (Nyaung U Phee Myit), and that she was the daughter of three sons. It is said in the chronicles that \"the three sons of Nyaung U Phee Myit are known.\"\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eTin Naing Toe's writing about the four Bagan heroes with new ideas and perspectives is very interesting.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e Kyaw Nyein\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e Director\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e Department of University History Research\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eIn the 45th year of the Burmese calendar, 13 years after King Anawrahta ascended the throne, King Anawrahta himself led an expedition to Suwannabhumi. King Anawrahta was accompanied by four warriors: Kyan Sittha, Nga Khru, Nga Lone Lap Phae, and Nyaung U Phi. Kyan Sittha rode a horse named Htand Kun Khaung, Nga Khru rode a horse named Htand Lyn Ty, Nga Lone Lap Phae rode a horse named Le Moe Yin Khaung, and Nyaung U Phi rode a horse named Htand Nyaung U Phi.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Other Websites","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":43854185955477,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"MMK","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0609\/9756\/6613\/products\/1_50f769a0-d1b2-432e-a364-bdd620fdf21d.jpg?v=1730272990"},{"product_id":"တင်နိုင်တိုး-အ၀ေးမြို့၀န်","title":"Tin Naing Toe - Mayor of Awa","description":"\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: Click on Buy it \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003enow to download the ebook\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003e. After placing your free order, the download link\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003ewill be sent to the reader's email address used to log in to the mgyoe.com website.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: The Ebook (Free) books \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eon\u003c\/span\u003e mgyoe.com \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eare only books that have been circulating on the internet for a long time.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eIt is just a compilation so that readers can easily find it when they want to read it.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eIf reprinted by bookstores, the download links for these e-books will be removed.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e ------------------------------------\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e Order\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eTin Naing Toe, the author of the book \"The Governor of the Konbaung Period\", is an engineer by profession. In terms of his interests, he is interested in history. He is especially interested in the history of Myanmar and the administration of the Burmese kings during the Konbaung period. He collected and studied all the available evidence and documents.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eFinally, his findings were published as a book to provide knowledge to readers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eThe book \"The Governors of the Konbaung Period\" compiled by Tin Naing Toe consists of three parts. The first part includes city administrators appointed in the Rakhine and Tanintharyi regions, the second part includes those appointed in the cities of Upper Myanmar, and the third part includes city and village administrators in Lower Myanmar.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eThere are many researches and writings on the Burmese monarchy during the Konbaung period. However, there are few separate publications on the appointment of governors to the major cities in each region during that period and the implementation of the Burmese administrative mechanism. I believe that this booklet will be of great help to those interested in writing the history of urban administration. In addition, it also fills in the gap in the history of the Burmese monarchy during the Konbaung period.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eIt is well known that the headmen and village heads played a key role in the implementation of the administrative mechanism in rural Myanmar during the Konbaung period. It has also been seen that the headmen and village heads had the right to inherit according to their lineage. However, it should be noted that the positions of the remote governors were selected and appointed based on their qualifications, moral integrity, impartiality, honesty, rationality, and loyalty. The development and peace of a township depended on the headmen who handled the administrative mechanism. Only those with the above qualifications and qualities were granted these positions. Those who did not meet these qualifications could not serve for a long time and were also dismissed from their positions. There is also a good tradition of the headmen who were qualified and successfully implemented the development and peace of the township and village being promoted to high positions such as the headman, secretary, and minister.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eWhen examining the implementation of the Konbaung period, we can see two parts: the royal administration and the remote city administration. In the royal administration, the king's influence was very important and effective. In the remote city administration, the governors were responsible and they were able to fully exercise administrative and judicial powers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eIt has been found that the governors have the support of the king to ensure the successful operation of the administrative mechanism. It is worth studying and reading to extract the good things from the Burmese administrative mechanism that has been implemented on the land of Burma for many years and combine them with the current administrative mechanism to form the Myanmar national administrative mechanism.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eU Sai Aung Tun\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e Myanmar History Group\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e 1 - 1 - 99\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eIntroduction\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eThe Konbaung period is the last period in the long history of the Burmese feudal era. Compared to the Pyu period, Bagan period, Sagaing, Pinya, and Inwa periods, the history of the Konbaung period can be said to be the events that happened yesterday. However, no one is alive to know even this yesterday's history. Most of the poems and poems about the Konbaung period were destroyed by the British colonialists when Myanmar fell into slavery.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eIt has disappeared. Only incomplete records have survived thanks to a few hoarders.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eTo compile a book on the distant governors of the Konbaung period, all available books and manuscripts related to the Konbaung period were searched and read. However, there were no separate books or manuscripts that specifically mentioned the governors, and only sporadically in some books and manuscripts. Therefore, it is incomplete.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eThe contents are written with all available evidence. Occasionally, living descendants of the mayors are mentioned.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e They are searching for and investigating. They are seeking advice from academic experts, teachers, and scholars. They come to Myanmar for various reasons, such as missionary work, military service, and diplomatic service.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eHe should study and compare contemporary records of foreigners. In this way, the book \"The Governor of the Far East in the Konbaung Period\" was written and compiled.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e The position of the governor of a remote town played an important role in the history of the Konbaung period. It was important for the prosperity of the state, the territory, and the\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003ePeace and stability depended greatly on the governor who governed the respective area. Therefore, the administration of remote towns and villages was as important as the administration of the capital city. There were many difficulties in researching the biographies of the remote governors who governed various areas. Some governors were known only by their titles. Their real names were unknown. Some even had no titles. In general, no governors were known.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eIt is described. In the coming years, it will be more difficult to find and compile. Therefore, I have to search and collect all the evidence about the governors. If this book fills a gap in the history of the administration of the Konbaung period, it will be worth writing it.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGovernor of the remote city during the Konbaung period\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eDuring the Konbaung period, the administration was divided into two parts: the royal administration and the regional administration. In the regional administration, the main administrative responsibility for the towns and villages was the governor. The governors were directly appointed by the parliament through a decree called “Gateo Gyi Ko”. The governorship decree states that he was appointed as the governor by “His Majesty the Great King of the Waters, the White Elephant, the Lord of the Weapons, the Lord of the Life and Death of the Lord of the Worlds” and that he was entrusted with all important powers in military, administrative, and judicial matters.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eThose appointed as governors of remote areas received the appropriate decorations and equipment. Some of these included “9 gold pieces of velvet, 9 gold leaves of tama leaves, a gold-plated turban with two layers of gold tassels, a gold-plated robe with a golden border, a gold-plated turban with a golden border, a gold-plated turban with a golden border, 12 gold-plated turbans with a golden border” and so on.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eIn the remote city government office, there were appointed officials such as the military commander, the city clerk, the gunner, and the gunner to assist the governor in carrying out his duties. Although these officials were directly appointed by the parliament, the governor had the right to appoint minor administrative positions such as horsemen and horse heads at his own discretion. However, due to the dishonesty of some governors in appointing positions, these powers were later revoked by the parliament.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eOn January 4, 1875, during the reign of King Mindon, the order issued by His Majesty Min Htin Kyaw stated, “The governors of remote towns and villages shall not appoint, at their own discretion, the head of the town, the head of the horse, the head of the shield, the commander of the gun, the head of the gold, the head of the silver tax, etc. If an appointment is made that does not comply with the order, the person appointed will be removed from office. He will be punished by a fine.”\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eUnder the governor, the mayors were appointed and administered by the mayor. The position of mayor was traditionally appointed, but if the public was not satisfied, the mayor could submit a proposal to the parliament and appoint another person who was respected by the public as the mayor. (On 31 August 1872, the order of the Honorable Nay Myo Shingkhaya Pae was issued.)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eThe mayor, King Mahath Main Bham, submitted a proposal to the parliament to appoint U Tha U, a popular candidate, as U Chit Su, the Mon village chief, was not in good terms with the villagers and was being unruly.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eSometimes, the mayor of Mye Du would hear about the corrupt and wicked mayor through the local bishops and abbots. According to the complaint filed by the mayor of Mye Du on 17 December 1881, “The mayor of Mye Du drank palm wine, ate beef and cattle, raised thieves and robbers, forcibly took a young girl and destroyed her, took more than 7,000 baht in bribes, and took bribes from dishonest people and then took orders from them.”\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eThe position of mayor is traditionally appointed, and the position of mayor is usually based on merit. Sometimes the mayor is appointed in conjunction with the position of mayor. In such cases, the appointed mayor is given more prestige than other mayors.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eA decree issued on 4 September 1846 stated that “Mahar Min Hla Samanta Kyaw Htin, the Governor of Tharyawaddy, shall be awarded the Shwe Htee during his tenure as the Governor of Tharyawaddy.”\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eAs was the case during the feudal era, the position of the governor of the city was highly dependent on the king. If the king was not satisfied with the governor, he could be dismissed from office. During the reign of King Badon, the governor of Pathein and the Shwepantan boat captain were involved in an incident, and the governor was dismissed from office, but the king was not pleased and was reappointed. Sometimes, senior parliament officials who were respected by the king objected to the position of governor. During the reign of King Mindon, the king's decree appointing two vacant governors of the city was rejected by the minister of the palace. .\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eSince the remote governors were responsible for territorial administration, tax collection, justice, and defense, they usually appointed only trustworthy people. In addition, to prevent the expansion of their influence in the towns and villages under their responsibility, remote governors were often transferred and not kept in one place for a long time. Therefore, there was a saying, \"Once a man is a tamarind, one is a governor.\" In the late Konbaung period, there were even bribes from the parliament to obtain the position of remote governor. The position of remote governor was a very popular position. It is known that during the reign of King Thibaw, a bribe of five thousand kyats was paid for the position of the governor, and two thousand to three thousand kyats for the position of the middle governor. While there were some governors who were full of moral integrity, there were also governors who gambled and earned extra income. Captain Hannay (Carainfunny) himself said that the governor of Moe Kaung had done this. Even when there is a fight or a fight in the game, you can still make a lot of money by issuing fines.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eThe administrative areas of the Konbaung period can generally be divided into three parts: Rakhine and Tanintharyi regions, Lower Myanmar region, and Upper Myanmar region. The total number of administrative areas is roughly (70). In these administrative areas, some small towns were combined and a single mayor was appointed. For example: (Pin, Natmauk,\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003e(3 governors of Kyaukpadaung), and there were also those who appointed only the town chief instead of the governor.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eIn short, during the Konbaung period, there were two types of administration: royal administration and regional administration. In royal administration, the king was the supreme authority, while in regional administration, the governor of the remote area had full administrative, tax-collecting, and judicial powers. The position of the remote area governor was a coveted position in terms of prestige, status, salary, and transportation. Therefore, those who wanted to become governors approached the ruling class and made efforts to obtain the position.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Other Websites","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":43854183694485,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"MMK","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0609\/9756\/6613\/products\/1_8171f8f0-f986-4d57-a1e3-971017b25bfd.jpg?v=1730273009"},{"product_id":"ဒေါက်တာမတင်၀င်း-အာရှနိုင်ငံများကိုသိမ်းယူဖဲ့ယူခဲ့ကြသည့်နယ်ချဲ့များ","title":"Dr. Tin Win - The colonialists who took over and divided Asian countries","description":"\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: Click on Buy it \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003enow to download the ebook\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003e. After placing your free order, the download link\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003ewill be sent to the reader's email address used to log in to the mgyoe.com website.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: The Ebook (Free) books \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eon\u003c\/span\u003e mgyoe.com \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eare books that have been circulating on the internet for a long time.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eIt is just a compilation so that readers can easily find it when they want to read it.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eIf reprinted by libraries, the download links for these e-books will be removed.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e------------------------------------\u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eAuthor's note\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eNowadays, countries around the world tend to look ahead and act in a hurry when analyzing, deciding, and handling political, military, economic, social, and cultural issues. As developed countries do this, other countries try to catch up with them as hard as they can.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eIn an attempt to catch up, even in the era of technology, countries that can use more advanced technologies are developing in the fields of politics, economy, and war. Due to the pressure of such a situation, small countries are also trying to improve technology. One of the industries that are trying to improve technology is education.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eIn education, the time allocated to teaching arts is decreasing, and curricula are being designed to prioritize science and technology. This is not a situation that only one country is facing. It is a change that has occurred due to the demands of the times. In this change, we need to understand our country well.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eThe amount of time spent teaching geography and history has been reduced. This reduction has created a false perception among educated young people that they do not need to know geography and history. Such supposedly educated young people often have unbalanced thoughts when thinking about the difficulties their country has gone through and the problems their country is facing. They draw unbalanced conclusions. Worst of all, they are reluctant to even say that they are not interested in history.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eSuch educated young people are the ones who will have to take responsibility for building the country. They are the ones who are taking responsibility. They tend to hold weak views and unbalanced decisions in carrying out the interests of their country and solving the problems facing their country, but they are not able to think broadly with a historical perspective.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eThe author has reached the youth not only as a teacher but also as a writer. It is heartening to know that the youth love their country very much. However, it is sad to know that some youths see their country being enslaved as their own weakness without understanding the exact reasons behind it. Some people still say that the old ways have changed and that they don't need to know.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eThose who have had access to foreign books, unaware of their own country and the Asian countries around them, have completely accepted the one-sided ideas of Western writers. In fact, it can be said that they are like people who have two eyes but only one light.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eThe author's words of praise are long. As such, if history and geography are not taught extensively in schools, there must be alternative programs to supplement them. Among these programs, literature is the easiest and most effective educational program. I do not want to think that education is only for school-age children. If young people and adults have time, they can read and understand more about how much effort they have made to live independently without giving up their homeland throughout the history of their country. They can become open-minded and open-minded people.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eThe author became a writer after spending a long time as a teacher. Therefore, he has the habit of thinking like a teacher when writing. With that habit, he began to write about the \"imperialists who conquered and occupied Asian countries.\" In writing this, he will explain why the imperialists arrived in various parts of the world. What consequences did they have? Instead of developing naturally due to the imperialists, they developed due to the imperialists' easy actions for their own interests, but what kind of losses did the colonial countries suffer?\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIntroduction\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eThe author has friends abroad. They tell me that the European host countries tend to oppress Asians living abroad. This attitude may be particularly pronounced towards those seeking political asylum. They also say that there is a common saying in the West that Asia is the whitemen's burden.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eFor that, we have to repeat the proverb, \"What you sow, so you reap.\"\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eWhite people have traveled to countries all over the world, including Asia, without being invited. After traveling, they often interfere in the affairs of the countries they visit, either secretly or explicitly. They create a stir in a peaceful country to make it hot and humid, and then they make it explode. Therefore, it can be said that everything that happens later is a return to what they did.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eWhat they are facing now is the result of the bad things they did. On the other hand, it can be said that in this day and age, the people who colonized in those days are no more. Similarly, it can be said that capitalist colonialism no longer exists. However, colonialism still exists in one form or another. European countries can no longer hold on to their colonies as they did in the past and have to let them go. There may be ordinary Europeans who cannot understand why the former colonial countries that have already given them up continue to deal with political and social problems.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eIgnorant Asians still miss their mothers, grateful that their former masters were willing to save them.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eContinuing to help former colonial powers has many purposes, such as forming groups and spreading political influence. The people who are affected by the problems of other countries are not the former colonialists, so they will suffer more. In the case of new colonialism, the common people will do more harm than good.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eIn Africa, Kenya and Uganda, there was a revolution that made it impossible for white people to live there. At that time, all the British people had to return to England. Those who returned to England were not just ordinary people. In other words, there were many people who had British citizenship, that is, British passports. Most of them were from India. But they had nothing to do with India. Since the time of our ancestors, they had been traveling to various countries of the world to do business with British passports.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eThey hold British passports, but they are not as privileged as white people in the countries where they live. I remember reading an article and a photo in a National Geographic Magazine. It is said that during the South African era, non-white people were not allowed to enter certain parks, even if they had British passports. Among those who were not allowed to enter were Asians.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eTimes are changing. As mentioned, the white masters had been following them for generations and had been living in the country they had settled in. When they had finally settled down, they could no longer continue to live in the country they had settled in. Faced with such an unexpected situation, they had no other country to go to than England. Thus, many Asians who had British passports moved to England. The ordinary English citizens, who were originally a very conservative people, did not like to accept any foreigners. They protested vigorously. They also shouted slogans saying, \"Do not let the houses fall into the hands of strangers.\" But one by one, houses fell into the hands of non-whites. Thus, the number of houses owned by non-whites in Britain increased. Non-whites settled and started businesses everywhere. The social structure of the country, which was originally a separate nation, has also changed.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eSuch a situation was the suffering of the Burmese people since the time they became a British colony. Forests were cleared in Lower Burma. Then, fields were established to grow rice. Then, the British government imported Indian laborers from India into Burma. They wanted to expand agriculture, which could bring in more profits when the price of rice was rising in the world market. Thus, the economic and social patterns of the Burmese people changed. Since Burma was a British colony, the colonialists only looked after themselves and brought in foreigners without any restrictions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eWe need to reexamine the root cause of the problems that white people are facing today. When we look back at the root cause, we find that it is the colonial system practiced by white Europeans. The colonial system\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eAfter experiencing the good, we cannot refuse it in any way, so we have to accept and resolve the bad. In many countries that have been liberated from colonialism, there are still investments by Europeans. These past and present reasons are the reasons why we are struggling like this. When the big European capitalist countries are struggling, they will try to appoint only those who they like and who are their teachers as heads of state. They will not carefully consider and weigh whether they are beneficial to the country or not. The capitalists will only choose those who will listen to them, dance to their every whim, and be their influence. The young people at home and abroad should carefully study and analyze the points presented here.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eWe need to learn more about world politics in a more comprehensive and balanced way. We should study it thoroughly, weigh it up, and then accept it. This author does not mean to hate people from other countries. Nor is he spreading the extremist ideology that we should not have any relations with any country. The author wants to show that every country naturally thinks about its own interests first. Then, we will take care of those who will cooperate with us.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eWe should not believe that they will treat us with the same unchanging attitude because we were treated so kindly in the beginning. When the policies of their countries change, their policies towards us will also change. Therefore, no matter which country we go to or on what issue we go to, we should not be left without the shadow of our national flag. If we can no longer shelter under the shadow of the national flag, they will more or less suppress us.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe author wants to present the story of the colonialists. What has been presented so far is only about the events that are happening in the present era. I don't think I can finish talking about the present era. However, if I were to talk about the stories related to the colonialists, I would have to talk about the capitalist imperialists in detail.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eIf we are going to talk about the history of European imperialism, we must start by talking about how the Portuguese, who served as mercenaries in Thailand and in the authors' own Myanmar, came to Asia, and how they used various methods to complicate the internal affairs of Asian countries.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Other Websites","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":43865408274581,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"MMK","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0609\/9756\/6613\/products\/1_896048e2-3640-4b84-8533-edd54570af12.jpg?v=1730273821"},{"product_id":"မောင်ထင်-ဗမာနိုင်ငံရေးသုခမိန်","title":"Maung Htin - Burmese political scientist","description":"\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: Click on Buy it \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003enow to download the ebook\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003e. After placing your free order, the download link\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003ewill be sent to the reader's email address used to log in to the mgyoe.com website.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: The Ebook (Free) books \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eon\u003c\/span\u003e mgyoe.com \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eare books that have been circulating on the internet for a long time.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eIt is just a compilation so that readers can easily find it when they want to read it.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eIf reprinted by libraries, the download links for these e-books will be removed.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e------------------------------------\u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eThe beginning of patriotism\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eThe golden king did not look at him, sometimes his face turned dark and he did not know what he wanted. He was lying down under the clouds. However, when he saw his face in the mirror of the clear river, he could not tell if he had dreamed of his shadow again. In fact, his shadow was not the same. It was as if the golden horse had been melted, and it was even more beautiful than the original. Therefore, it would not be wrong to say that he dreamed of his appearance. It was only because of this desire that he kept looking at his shadow, avoiding all the clouds he had studied. “There is a water fountain built over the open space in my backyard. A water fountain is a large platform made of bamboo poles. That platform is for the bamboo poles to be used for bamboo poles, but for me it has become a large toilet.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eI remember that night very well. I was not yet in school at that time. I think I was about five years old. My guardian, the wife of the Kouringyi Kalakham, was sitting on the toilet. My parents told me to go to the toilet.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eIt is often said that Aung Yo is a tree. But for me, because they often say this, I imagine what kind of tree it will be if it grows, and I want to see the tree and look down from time to time, and I spend more time on that matter than anyone else. Moreover, when the moon, which is so clear and bright, holds the river as a mirror and looks at its own beauty, I am more prosperous because I travel to the world with the moon, which is moving in a different direction. I remember that the sound of the pieces falling one by one under the water is brighter than the sound of the teacher's hand.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eAdults might think that such a matter would be very dirty. I am only a child, with an innocent mind and heart, and I only know such matters as matters that purify my body. ``The wife spoke Burmese fluently and answered all my questions thoroughly.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e \"The Moon King is running.\"\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003e\"What the hell, I'm running.\"\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e “In the distance, the stars are blinking their eyes.” “Oh, what a sight.” “The clouds are surrounding King Pho La.” “Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh.”\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e While he and I were arguing like this, my mother and my two daughters came down from the house to the fountain.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eThey thought I was just sitting in the back and laughing at me and my wife.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eDuring that time, a young woman who was with me and my husband sang a song about King Thibaw that was popular at that time. I don’t remember the songs. I only remember the name Thibaw. I remember because I didn’t understand Thibaw and asked. “What is Thibaw?” In our country, we call our mother “Ame.” ““Thibaw is the name of the Burmese king.” “You are a singer.”\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003e\"When King Po Kwet saw the diamond, he was like a king who came out with a sword and a sword.\" \"What is he doing now - huh?\"\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e \"He used to rule Burma.\"\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e \"What now?\"\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e \"Now that he's been captured by the Kula, he can't rule anymore.\"\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e \"Is Kala a wife?\"\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e \"The name 'Kala' is a nickname for a commander.\"\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e \"What is a captain?\"\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003e\"Bo is a Caucasian. He is called Caucasian because his skin is very white. He speaks English, English.\"\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e “So the Burmese king doesn’t rule anymore.”\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e “. - English rule.”\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eI couldn't ask any follow-up questions. I had always thought that kings like the one in the play ruled Burma, but now my mother told me. But my mother still didn't understand. So I asked again to make sure. \"So how long has the British been ruling, Mother?\"\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003e“It’s been a long time. Before my mother was born, the English captured Thibaw.”\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eWhen the English captured Thipaw, the old man in front of our house would tie up the thieves with ropes and lead them to the gate. When Father grabbed them in front, the thief would struggle to catch them. Even a big bird or a big sword would kill the thief. Now, Thipaw, you are going to capture you like this. It is a pity that the thief was captured. It is even more pitiful that Thipaw was captured by a hawk.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eAs the moon glided across the sky, thoughts raced through my fragile brain.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eI did not think about the appropriateness or inappropriateness of those thoughts. I felt sad because I was a child, and no other thoughts came to mind. ' However, the knowledge that our country would be ruled by the British seemed to lay the foundation in my heart for the future of the building of a love for my country. - \"That is why I can remember the nostalgic events of King Thibaw, sitting on the water tower under the moonlight, even from my childhood in the countryside. \" In this way, I can remember because King Thibaw was there, and because love for the country, love for the country, and patriotism were born, I would say that such a young part is very attached to it,\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eIt must be true.. In fact, at such a young age, the young brain cannot yet accept such a mind that can be so cunning.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e He felt sorry for the child, King Thibaw. As Bora grew up, he forgot to show pity. Although the Kala King was the ruler, the village headman was from his own family.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eSo I thought it was nothing special. When the mayor and the mayor were touring the area, I caught a glimpse of the childhood gin-pauk-yin under the general's tent. They said that the English were coming, but I remembered that the English were no different from the Burmese.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eThat night, his father spoke with a sense of shame about the Englishman who had come to stay at the camp. Then he remembered again how he had been under the rule of another. But he did not know whether to be ashamed or afraid of being under the rule of another. My father was a man of literature, and even when the Englishman who had come asked him about his knowledge of local history, he seemed to have a great respect for the tall, tall Englishman.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003e“Now that I think about it, I still remember it. The chief sat on a chair made of sorghum and sorghum that the chief had set up under the sycamore tree to the north of the chief’s tent. All the elders in the village sat in front of him. The chief greeted the elders, who seemed to be very old and knowledgeable, with the title of “Ka-pa-ta\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eIn the future, that Englishman would wander through every town, village, and country. But his name was left in my Chet Myut family tree. If our Burmese history is to be correct in the future, his name will remain.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eI never used to say that name when I was a child. When I grew up and could read English, my father would show me old farm receipts and ask me to read his name in English. In the right-hand corner of the receipt, I read the name J. S. Feniball. “In my little brain, on the other side,\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eThe inscription says Thibaw. On the other side, the inscription says Fenibol, who is opposite him.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e When I was a child, Thibaw in one room and Nibal in the other room were playing the Naung Jain game, and they were playing the \"Dha-rei-hla\". However, I had never seen one of them, but I loved them. I had never seen the other, but I admired them.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eOne day, during the month of Tagu, I was sitting in the front row of the third grade (B) classroom of the Government Secondary School in Myaungmya. To the left of the teacher, U Kan Kyi, was a government calendar. At the top of the calendar was an inscription that read, \"1920.\"\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eThat year, I was very good at English. I was obsessed with English and went to an English school, and the first strike that shook the whole country was also announced.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e Oh, it happens. Whatever fate befalls you, I wish you well. I want knowledge, I want it. I want it.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003e“If you want, you can. You’re still young. Hey, which school are you going to? If you want, you can get it. But I’m a government school teacher, so I don’t want to talk about it.”\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e Saya U Kan Gyi, covering his mouth with his severed right thumb, whispered something in my ear. I didn't understand.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e \"Boycott, Boycott.\"\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eI have been learning English for about ten months. I understand Boy Scouts. But Boy Scouts don't understand what Saya U Kan Gyi is saying. Even so, I was afraid and left the classroom, crossed the schoolyard, and walked down the empty alley between Tawatimsa School and the post office toward the office road. Saya U Kan Gyi was left with a big smile on his face, stroking his moustache with the thumb of his missing right hand. “On the office road, the students from the fifth and sixth grades were surrounding the Kyulaya Pillai shop. I also approached without hesitation. I heard the English words that Saya U Kan Kyi was speaking. The speaker was a student from Pathein named Maung Tin So. The whole school was dressed as a prostitute, and Bo Kyat Thu Pauk Kyaw and Lu Ma Hla Yin were both staring at the Kyulaya shop with big red faces. They were drunk. They were not going to let anyone down. Look, look, look, look, look, look-cham\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eAbout twenty students took the bottles and drank from them. They broke the bottles and stole the cigarettes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e I, too, ran, limping, past the Golden Buddha.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eBut from a distance, sounds were heard. Those sounds were gradually becoming louder and louder as they picked up the air. Those sounds were nothing else. They were the sounds that would echo in Burma again in the next sixteen years, “Stabek, stabek, tsang, tsang.”\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eI ran into the gatehouse. From there I crossed into U Boe Street. From there I crossed into B Street and ran up. When I reached Lay Street, I entered my house.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e My uncle was a government employee, and when my aunt saw me coming home without going to school, she was shocked. In the evening, my uncle went to the office.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eThen, Daw Daw complained that her husband had come to boycott me.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eFrom that time on, I became a student who boycotted. From that time on, I began to understand the meaning and significance of the words \"Boi Kao\" and \"Boi Kao Ta\". From that time on, the patriotic spirit that some wise people call a noble spirit and some ignorant people call a poison, was born day by day from the womb that King Thibaw laid.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eNext year, you will see me, a national student who has given up the military, shaved my head, and is attending school in front of the King, in Teacher U Maung Gyi's class.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eSince that time, the love of one's country has been rising in everyone's mind. As the tide of patriotism rises, so does the hatred of other nations. In particular, the political experts of that time encouraged the sentiment of calling the English a white monkey and harboring resentment. I still remember\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eOne evening, Master U Bo Cheung announced that a certain person, who called himself U Ottama's nephew, would be preaching the Wanshana Dhamma to the students. So, after school that day, they went to the pagoda near the school, where they were seated. In that pagoda, they heard the noble Wanshana Dhamma.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eOh friends! Arise, come. Let us hear that noble Dhamma. (In ancient times, a monkey used to live on the island of England. At that time, a turtle from a pond came to that island by mistake. From that day on, the monkey with the head of the turtle from the pond became entwined with the turtle, and the creature called England emerged from the world with the head of the turtle.)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eI am grateful to Saya U Bo Cheung. Although I am a child, I cannot accept such a crude political doctrine. However, I am only a child and do not have the courage to say that I condemn such a crude doctrine. If only the teachers at that time had tolerated and made me accept that doctrine, no matter how much I said that I did not accept that doctrine, I would have drunk the bitter water with everyone. However, Saya U Bo Cheung could not tolerate such frivolous speeches and advised us not to listen to such frivolous words and go home, so we also went home.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eThank you, Master. If you had not taught us like that, we, the humble children, would have remembered the Sappalavasa and the Parussavasas as the great teachings of the Buddha for the rest of our lives.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Other Websites","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45333529854101,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"MMK","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0609\/9756\/6613\/products\/1_0352d69b-e030-4922-b755-bc6aa8ddaec9.jpg?v=1730274463"},{"product_id":"မောင်လှမျိုးချင်းချောင်းခြံ-ug18","title":"Maung Hla Myo (Chin Chaung Farm) - UG18","description":"\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e \u003cstrong data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eMartyrdom if you die\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eIf you survive, you will be a hero.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eFirst of all, through these pages, I pay my heartfelt,\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eFurthermore, I pay my respects to the heroes who love Myanmar and who have sacrificed their lives for the Union of Myanmar, and to the monks, individuals, martyrs, and human martyrs who have sacrificed their lives for the Union of Myanmar from past and present, to the monks, individuals, martyrs, and human martyrs who have sacrificed their lives for the Union of Myanmar, and to the\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eActually, I wanted to name this book \"Martyr if you die, hero if you live.\" But since I already named a book about life and living, I chose the second most suitable (my favorite) name, UG18.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eSince childhood, I have been convinced that those who cannot live a life of suffering and not being a reactionary, but who rely on their power and position to become rich, and those who are richer than their salary, are reactionary...\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eSince the dawn of human existence, we have always had to examine ourselves to see if we have enriched our lives by collaborating with those who wielded power. Anyone who, even though they have shown their great strength and muscle, have not been able to do anything for the country, but who have not sought anything more than their own salary or their own qualifications, and who have “lived” in poverty, should be recognized and respected as heroes and martyrs of the country (including me).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eI would like to sincerely salute all those who, even if they were unable to serve the country, did not seek personal gain, as martyrs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThis is a (spoken) novel. If I had died in 1988, I would not have written it. I am writing this book as an (ordinary) person in history. Therefore, this (spoken) novel (a book presented in spoken form) is a teenager in the vast history of a country. It is just a small, ordinary record of my encounter with history. (I respectfully request you to read it, like a great political bible.)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eFor the safety of my life, I had to destroy the materials (the diary and other memories I cherished) many years ago, so although the dates, times, places, and events in these (historical) documents are different from the original history, I would like to fill them in and read them. This book is written with the sole purpose of making every teenager interested in national affairs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThe character named Yan Myo Aung... is neither a revolutionary leader nor a political scientist, but an ordinary person from history. That person (an ordinary person). In presenting the historical responsibilities of emotions, desires (which he carried out as far as he could), I believe that this book is worth writing just because he appeared as a small avatar of the people of that era. I also want him to be considered as representing all the youth who wanted justice at that time. I used to think that those who prevented the youth from participating in the country's affairs, those who taught them to plot the future, those who pushed them towards wrong paths and wrong beliefs, those who used to think that they were fools of the future... I used to think that I was not one of those (2) types of people.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThey say that youth are the future of the country, but discouraging, suppressing, and misleading the youth is only destroying the future of the country.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eIf the country is peaceful, the youth have a wide space. When the country is unstable, the lives of the youth are unstable. I could not describe what Yan Myo Aung, the hero of the story, learned and realized in his life.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eBecause at that time, no political leadership system could guide his life.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eHowever, Yan Myo Aung, with his own beliefs - his own hopes and his own... was able to survive in history. Therefore, he... history, history as he was, had to be written for me to see. In any case, I will continue to pay my respects to all those who sacrificed their lives for the country, whether they were martyrs or heroes, with respect and appreciation. \"I salute you...\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eIn some of the posts I wrote a while ago, I used to say, \"I'm not happy yet.\" I have expressed my feelings openly. Friends (readers) will probably guess that I am not happy yet because I haven't been allowed to write what I want to write.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Now, I feel like I can write what I want to write, so I've written it with all my heart.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eTogether with everyone, I... want to be happy and joyful...\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e With love and affection\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Maung Hla Myo (Chin Chaung Farm)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e 2012 - June 19\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e 10:46 (a.m.)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (A)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eUGO is an abbreviation of the word (Under Ground). I don't know if it means the Burmese meaning of underground revolution. . . In a country, in the past, there were times when the ruling government (whether the colonial government or the national government) was opposed, rebelled (if they were going to attack, they would openly attack), and sometimes, whether it was based on strategic principles or in situations of power imbalance, they would organize, mobilize, and manage UG (UnderGround) underground revolutionary groups.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eWhat did we revolutionize?\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Why did they have a revolution?\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Why did they revolt?\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e How did they revolutionize? (Did they succeed?)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e My name is Yan Myo Aung.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Member of the underground revolutionary group called UG(18),\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Age (21).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eWhy did we join this group at this age and do this revolutionary work?\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e I'm only 21 years old, I can do my own housework, go out with my own girlfriend, have fun, go to school, and build my own life.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eWe were old enough to be single, dressed up in new designs instead of clothes, playing guitar and singing along to the street. But... we didn't have time to be single.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThe moment I realized who was ruling the land I was on, the country I was living in, and what they were doing, my native blood began to rise and revolutionary sentiments began to rise.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eI admit one thing. How do you know that a revolution will happen when you are born? A revolution... is something that arises spontaneously when there is oppression. It is the human mind.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\"Until you realize that you are being blocked... you often think you are free... But once you realize that you are being oppressed, that you are living among the barriers, that you are forced to try to break free.\"\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eEven animals with low intelligence, let alone highly intelligent \"humans,\" will struggle and struggle as much as they can if they are oppressed and confined, right?\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e We are four people.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eWhile we may quietly follow the leader, if the leader is poor, (or) unjust, or deceptive, it is no longer possible to continue following that leader and there is no plan to remain calm under that leadership.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eEven if we are led by kindness and love, knowing that we are being led in the wrong direction... we will not continue on the wrong path.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Even though I refuse to continue, if I insist that no one has the right to oppose me, the leader with orders and power... then we will definitely have to oppose that leader.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eIf you want to ban opposition, you have to revolutionize that ban. Revolution is a person's innate duty... I was only 18 years old, barely 18 years old, when I realized that.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eMy desire for revolution wasn't born to me from the moment I was born. It was slowly instilled into me by the process of history, from the moment I was born, when I first realized I was human.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e In fact, a person is a character in human history. Especially, when governments are weak, young people are the little hostages of history. Little plants in the ground.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Other Websites","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46341838700693,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"MMK","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0609\/9756\/6613\/products\/UG18-1.jpg?v=1730274785"},{"product_id":"မောင်သွေးချွန်-တိုင်ပေါ်အလံစိုက်ချင်","title":"Maung Thwey Chun - I want to plant a flag on a pole","description":"\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003ePresident U Thein Sein delivered a speech at the third regular session of the first Pyithu Hluttaw on March 1, 2012, outlining the policies of the country, the government’s activities for the year, and future actions. Since it was the President’s speech, everyone listened with anticipation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e“Today, if we are asked whether we have been able to build a new nation with true democracy and secular values, we will have to work very hard,” he admitted. I noticed that the President’s speech was full of historical references, such as the beginning of a new chapter in history and the beginning of a new chapter in the future. I remember that he also spoke seriously about history in his meetings with Hillary Clinton and the Washington Post reporter. A member of the Fukuyama sect has commented that the Tatmadaw led the changes that have taken place today. That is true to a certain extent, but it is not complete. The President himself said this.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\"Who has brought this situation to this point? It is not just our government. Political parties, civil society, representatives from all parliaments, the judiciary, the fourth estate, the media, ethnic leaders, the military, and other state holders have all worked together in a coordinated and united manner.\"\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eEven the President of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar spoke in a way that was thorough and comprehensive. He emphasized the importance of ethnic issues for an inclusive political process that allows everyone to participate in political development.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\"It is most important that our ethnic groups, who have been demanding rights for generations, participate. As our country is a united nation, it is imperative that all ethnic groups have the opportunity to participate equally in this country's development. This is the dream that our blood brothers and ethnic groups have realized for generations, and the hopes that have been dashed and lost.\"\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e. . . . . . .\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e “The aspirations of ethnic minorities, who demand equal rights and equality for all, are the aspirations of our government. We all have a responsibility to fulfill the bitter wounds, the deep experiences, and the lost dreams that our ethnic minorities are suffering from.”\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\"Trust is very important in the national reunification of our country. Today, as our government, we have no illusions on the journey towards the goal of lasting peace. We will act with trust based on the Panglong spirit...\"\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThe President's speech was emotional. It was open-minded. It can be said that he was forward-looking and insightful. He clearly said, \"The faith based on the Panglong spirit.\" When talking about ethnic issues and the Union, the Panglong spirit, the Panglong Conference, and the Panglong Agreement are the main keys that must be emphasized and not forgotten.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThe President said, “It is a coincidence that I mentioned the Panglong spirit. On the same day as the President’s speech on March 1, 2012, Daw Aung San Suu Kyi also mentioned the Panglong spirit in her Shan State campaign.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\"We gained independence because of the Panglong spirit, and to achieve democracy, we must be united and united with the Panglong spirit,\" he said emphatically.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThe Panglong spirit is the spirit of unity among ethnic groups. General Aung San tried tirelessly to stop the British colonial government from dividing the ethnic groups into the plains and the hills, the Burmese, Shan, Kachin, Karen, and Mon. Didn't he sign the Panglong Agreement? According to the Panglong Agreement, we gained independence with the ethnic groups and the Union of Myanmar emerged. Therefore, in order for the Union of Myanmar not to disintegrate and for its independence to last, we must continue to build it with the Panglong spirit. The importance of the Panglong spirit was also emphasized by the President and Daw Aung San Suu Kyi on the same day, Thursday, March 1, 2012, which is a unique historical symbol.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThe President specifically mentioned the situation in Kachin State, which is still not peaceful. He also specifically mentioned the phrase “ethnic people in danger of war.” He said that in order to hold political talks, both sides must first cease hostilities. Here is a brief summary of the President’s peace roadmap:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e1. State-level talks and ceasefire\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e 2. Participate in union-level meetings and political processes\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e 3. Government, ethnic leaders, political parties, politics\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eAll the forces and people's representatives should join and sign in the parliament. Today, we have achieved reasonable success at the state level, but there are still difficulties. We met in Kachin and Shwe Li, but we have not reached an agreement. Therefore, we will have to work very hard to advance to the Union level (2). If we succeed at the Union level, we will not be afraid to reach the goal of the Union level (3).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eWe must make special efforts to achieve the \"Panglong spirit\" that the President and Daw Aung San Suu Kyi have earnestly advocated in order to successfully march forward according to the peace roadmap. The President has also earnestly stated the principle of 'equality' that ethnic groups have consistently demanded three or four times in his speech.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eIf there is no peace in the country... nothing can be achieved. I believe that the Panglong spirit is the main driving force in achieving the goal of peace.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (Mandalay Light Journal, 9-3-2012)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThe General Secretary of the National League for Democracy, Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, delivered a speech on television on March 14, 2012, presenting her policies and programs. That night, we waited with bated breath, wondering if Daw Aung San Suu Kyi would come. After watching the ceremony of the White Elephant and the meeting of the parliamentarians, Daw Aung San Suu Kyi appeared. In fact, I had listened to Daw Aung San Suu Kyi’s policies and programs many times while touring cities such as Kaw Hlu, Pathein, Myaung Mya, Dawei, Mandalay, Myitkyina, Heho, and Aung San Suu Kyi. Since it was broadcast on television, I listened to it more seriously and “heard it again.”\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eHe said that he will work on other important issues based on the three main objectives of the rule of law, civil war peace, and constitutional amendment. There, he added, \"We must also emphasize the protection of the rights of women, who constitute 50 percent of the country, and the expansion of women's roles in social, economic, and political affairs.\" He added, \"Thank you for your urgent call to promote women's rights. Because today, when there is no complete peace in the country, women and children are suffering more from the effects of war. And, \"A large number of women are trafficked as sex slaves and sold to each other. In foreign countries, there are also female \"sleeping partners\" who are tortured more brutally than animals. In the big cities of the demilitarized zone, there are also many responsibilities to repair the damage caused by the destruction of their lives and bodies. If you think about it, promoting women's rights will be a lot of work.\"\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eAccording to Buddhist culture, Burmese women are not inferior. Queen Panthwa and Queen Shin Saw Pu have been prominent figures in history. However, today, there is a special need to protect and promote the rights of women who have been disadvantaged. I am happy that women candidates like Daw Su Su Nwe are among the candidates for the General Assembly. In the business sector, women have long been able to gain a place, and they are found in large companies as managers and general managers. In the political sector, their participation is still weak in terms of both quantity and quality. Politics is not like business, so even men are really interested in doing it.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eGeneral Aung San himself had strongly stated during the 1936 student strike that women needed to participate in politics. Ko Aung San (General Chap) had commented, ‘The students do not seem to be patriotic. They do not come to study, they come to get a degree. In other words, they want to study philosophy or become a poet.’\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\"If we are going to do something national, it can't be just men. Women should also be involved as much as they can. So that if women are involved in success, then women should also have leaders. Wouldn't it be better to have modern intellectuals?\" he said.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Ko Aung San (General) is talking about \"Bo Khin Maung Lay\" who will become the Minister of Home Affairs in an independent Burma.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eKo Maung Lay argued, “I followed Ma Khin Mya, Ma Ama (later Daw Ama), and the students who were protesting in the city,” but Ko Aung San couldn’t help but say, “That’s too young.”\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eI was just saying that. Then, when Ma Khin Mya and Ma Ama actively participated in the 1936 student strike, Ko Aung San's views changed. \"I was wrong to judge people. I was wrong to underestimate Burmese girls,\" he admitted.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e'On the night of the strike (in Shwe Gondaing, Mawlamyine), they cut up fish and onions and fed them to the students. Their pieces were round and round. I was very sad to see that the students had to eat only a little bit at the end. They had to sleep, and they had to sleep, and they had to sleep.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eI couldn't believe it when I heard about the protest in front of the school. I was shocked when I saw the pictures in the newspaper. They were protesting side by side with the boys in the hot sun. They were being mocked by the sycophants.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eProfessor Peacock offered me a chair, and Ma Khin Mya said, \"Thank you, teacher. We must stand together with our elders.\" Hearing that they were going to force me to wear pants and skirts, I realized that what I thought was wrong.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e“Ma Ma\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e“When they were questioned by the university investigation committee, the one who was the most affected was the one who was not able to get through the interrogation, Bai Shin (Ko Ya Shin) said. If only the students like Khin Mya, Ma Ma Ma, Ma Ohn, Ma Than Sein, Ma A Ma Ma Ri Ri and others in that investigation committee had not taken the interrogation, they would have been shamed at once if they had not had the courage. We too should have our faces painted black. It is wrong to underestimate Burmese girls.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eKo Aung San (the General) admitted that he had been wrong about Burmese women not being allowed to participate in politics. We had to respect the general's modesty and courage in admitting his mistake. That is why Ko Aung San wrote this in his memoirs of the Ma Khin Mya boycott:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e“Having witnessed the work ethic, strength, and determination of the striking students during the strike, I believe that Burmese women will be able to participate as one force in the struggle for Myanmar’s independence.”\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: right;\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Ko Aung San\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: right;\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e 10.5.1936 \u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: right;\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Other Websites","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46341875892373,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"MMK","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0609\/9756\/6613\/products\/1_0b07d50e-0ae9-40aa-b56f-2110666be64b.jpg?v=1730274828"},{"product_id":"ကြေးမုံဦးသောင်း-ဗိုလ်နေဝင်းဇာတ်လမ်းရှုပ်သမျှ","title":"Kyamon U Thaung - The whole story of General Ne Win","description":"\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: Click on Buy it \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003enow to download the ebook\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003e. After placing your free order, the download link\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003ewill be sent to the reader's email address used to log in to the mgyoe.com website.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: The Ebook (Free) books \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eon\u003c\/span\u003e mgyoe.com \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eare books that have been circulating on the internet for a long time.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eIt is just a compilation so that readers can easily find it when they want to read it.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eIf reprinted by libraries, the download links for these e-books will be removed.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Other Websites","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":43795871957141,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"MMK","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0609\/9756\/6613\/files\/a9fd4ae371da9e080c0cded1e53fa788.gif?v=1730285189"},{"product_id":"ကြေးမုံဦးသောင်း-ဘီလူးတို့ရွာ-1","title":"Kyamon U Thaung - The Village of the Giants","description":"\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: Click on Buy it \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003enow to download the ebook\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003e. After placing your free order, the download link\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003ewill be sent to the reader's email address used to log in to the mgyoe.com website.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: The Ebook (Free) books \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eon\u003c\/span\u003e mgyoe.com \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eare books that have been circulating on the internet for a long time.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eIt is just a compilation so that readers can easily find it when they want to read it.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eIf reprinted by libraries, the download links for these e-books will be removed.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Other Websites","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":43795877462165,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"MMK","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0609\/9756\/6613\/files\/c_3b5ba028-7ea6-4b77-b0b3-2b11335fd6a9.gif?v=1730285197"},{"product_id":"ကြေးမုံဦးသောင်း-မိုးမခရဲ့-အမှတ်တရစာစုများ","title":"Kyamon U Thaung - Moema Kha's Memoirs","description":"\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: Click on Buy it \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003enow to download the ebook\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003e. After placing your free order, the download link\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003ewill be sent to the reader's email address used to log in to the mgyoe.com website.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: The Ebook (Free) books \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eon\u003c\/span\u003e mgyoe.com \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eare books that have been circulating on the internet for a long time.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eIt is just a compilation so that readers can easily find it when they want to read it.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eIf reprinted by libraries, the download links for these e-books will be removed.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Other Websites","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":43795881197717,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"MMK","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0609\/9756\/6613\/files\/d4bde2797e6f057fc05dd9332901298c.gif?v=1730285215"},{"product_id":"ကြေးမုံဦးသောင်း-သတင်းစာတို့လွတ်လပ်သောခေတ်-ဗမာ့ခေတ်မှ-ကြေးမုံသို့","title":"Kyaw Mon U Thaung - The Age of Freedom for Newspapers (From the Burmese Era to Kyaw Mon)","description":"\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: Click on Buy it \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003enow to download the ebook\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003e. After placing your free order, the download link\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003ewill be sent to the reader's email address used to log in to the mgyoe.com website.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: The Ebook (Free) books \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eon\u003c\/span\u003e mgyoe.com \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eare books that have been circulating on the internet for a long time.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eIt is just a compilation so that readers can easily find it when they want to read it.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eIf reprinted by libraries, the download links for these e-books will be removed.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Other Websites","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":43795882541205,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"MMK","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0609\/9756\/6613\/files\/c_7d17704b-9199-48ef-98cb-ead400adc717.gif?v=1730285229"},{"product_id":"ကြေးမုံဦးသောင်း-ဦးနေဝင်း-ပြာတဆုပ်-1","title":"Kyamon U Thaung - U Ne Win's Ashes","description":"\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: Click on Buy it \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003enow to download the ebook\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003e. After placing your free order, the download link\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003ewill be sent to the reader's email address used to log in to the mgyoe.com website.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: The Ebook (Free) books \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eon\u003c\/span\u003e mgyoe.com \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eare books that have been circulating on the internet for a long time.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eIt is just a compilation so that readers can easily find it when they want to read it.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eIf reprinted by libraries, the download links for these e-books will be removed.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Other Websites","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":43795884802197,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"MMK","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0609\/9756\/6613\/files\/67e9b8da18fe3cb212e65501270b54e4.gif?v=1730285243"},{"product_id":"ရွှေကူမေနှင်း-အမေရိကရှိဒီမိုကရေစီ","title":"Shweku May Hnin - Democracy in America","description":"","brand":"Other Websites","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46344473378965,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"MMK","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0609\/9756\/6613\/files\/1_b8208450-b0b7-462b-89da-b5173c5e195e.jpg?v=1730285975"},{"product_id":"တင်နိုင်တိုး-ကုန်းဘောင်ခေတ်-မင်းမှုထမ်းများ","title":"Tin Naing Toe - Royal servants of the Konbaung period","description":"\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: Click on Buy it \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003enow to download the ebook\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003e. After placing your free order, the download link\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003ewill be sent to the reader's email address used to log in to the mgyoe.com website.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: The Ebook (Free) books \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eon\u003c\/span\u003e mgyoe.com \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eare only books that have been circulating on the internet for a long time.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eIt is just a compilation so that readers can easily find it when they want to read it.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eIf reprinted by libraries, the download links for these e-books will be removed.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Other Websites","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":43854166360213,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"MMK","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0609\/9756\/6613\/files\/254548e5d8ad385a194667a0badfd2be.gif?v=1730286606"},{"product_id":"တင်နိုင်တိုး-ကုန်းဘောင်နွယ်-စာပေမျိုးဆက်","title":"Tin Naing Toe - The Literary Generation of the Konbaung Tribe","description":"\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: Click on Buy it \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003enow to download the ebook\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003e. After placing your free order, the download link\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003ewill be sent to the reader's email address used to log in to the mgyoe.com website.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: The Ebook (Free) books \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eon\u003c\/span\u003e mgyoe.com \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eare only books that have been circulating on the internet for a long time.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eIt is just a compilation so that readers can easily find it when they want to read it.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eIf reprinted by bookstores, the download links for these e-books will be removed.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Other Websites","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":43854169374869,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"MMK","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0609\/9756\/6613\/files\/d660f9b58f69e0573f1b7243669cb6f5.gif?v=1730286617"},{"product_id":"တင်နိုင်တိုး-ခေတ်ဟောင်းသတင်းစာများကပြောသော","title":"Tin Naing Toe - What the old newspapers said","description":"\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: Click on Buy it \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003enow to download the ebook\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003e. After placing your free order, the download link\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003ewill be sent to the reader's email address used to log in to the mgyoe.com website.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: The Ebook (Free) books \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eon\u003c\/span\u003e mgyoe.com \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eare books that have been circulating on the internet for a long time.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eIt is just a compilation so that readers can easily find it when they want to read it.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eIf reprinted by libraries, the download links for these e-books will be removed.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Other Websites","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":43854172749973,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"MMK","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0609\/9756\/6613\/files\/5b32f336bb9d2f9e249c69a604b01375.gif?v=1730286629"},{"product_id":"တင်နိုင်တိုး-ပါလီမန်ခေတ်-ထင်ပေါ်ကျော်ကြား-မြန်မာအမျိုးသမီးများ","title":"Tin Naing Toe - Prominent Burmese Women of the Parliamentary Era","description":"\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: Click on Buy it \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003enow to download the ebook\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003e. After placing your free order, the download link\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003ewill be sent to the reader's email address used to log in to the mgyoe.com website.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: The Ebook (Free) books \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eon\u003c\/span\u003e mgyoe.com \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eare books that have been circulating on the internet for a long time.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eIt is just a compilation so that readers can easily find it when they want to read it.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eIf reprinted by libraries, the download links for these e-books will be removed.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Other Websites","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":43854177239189,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"MMK","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0609\/9756\/6613\/files\/0028214bf1ebf563b13361dcafe8b220.gif?v=1730286641"},{"product_id":"တင်နိုင်တိုး-ပုဂံမင်းဆက်ရာဇ၀င်သစ်","title":"Tin Naing Toe - New History of the Bagan Dynasty","description":"\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: Click on Buy it \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003enow to download the ebook\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003e. After placing your free order, the download link\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003ewill be sent to the reader's email address used to log in to the mgyoe.com website.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: The Ebook (Free) books \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eon\u003c\/span\u003e mgyoe.com \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eare books that have been circulating on the internet for a long time.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eIt is just a compilation so that readers can easily find it when they want to read it.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eIf reprinted by libraries, the download links for these e-books will be removed.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Other Websites","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":43854179041429,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"MMK","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0609\/9756\/6613\/files\/9d5308b38652f56cd768b159bae9d8ec.gif?v=1730286655"},{"product_id":"တင်နိုင်တိုး-ရာဇ၀င်ထဲက-အငြင်းပွားစရာများ","title":"Tin Naing Toe - Controversies in History","description":"\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: Click on Buy it \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003enow to download the ebook\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003e. After placing your free order, the download link\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003ewill be sent to the reader's email address used to log in to the mgyoe.com website.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: The Ebook (Free) books \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eon\u003c\/span\u003e mgyoe.com \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eare books that have been circulating on the internet for a long time.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eIt is just a compilation so that readers can easily find it when they want to read it.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eIf reprinted by libraries, the download links for these e-books will be removed.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Other Websites","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":43854181728405,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"MMK","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0609\/9756\/6613\/files\/ef9e62486b5fdd6b5545af0cb403ef11.gif?v=1730286671"},{"product_id":"မင်းယုဝေ-ပထမ-မြန်မာများ","title":"Min Yu Wai - The First Burmese","description":"\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: Click on Buy it \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003enow to download the ebook\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003e. After placing your free order, the download link\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003ewill be sent to the reader's email address used to log in to the mgyoe.com website.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: The Ebook (Free) books \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eon\u003c\/span\u003e mgyoe.com \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eare books that have been circulating on the internet for a long time.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eIt is just a compilation so that readers can easily find it when they want to read it.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eIf reprinted by libraries, the download links for these e-books will be removed.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Other Websites","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":43875511992469,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"MMK","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0609\/9756\/6613\/files\/91d8550dcd4a5e1855849aa38868c117.gif?v=1730288095"},{"product_id":"လင်းယုန်သစ်လွင်-သေမင်းတမန်-ရထားလမ်း","title":"Linyun Thit Lwin - Death Train","description":"\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: Click on Buy it \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003enow to download the ebook\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003e. After placing your free order, the download link\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003ewill be sent to the reader's email address used to log in to the mgyoe.com website.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: The Ebook (Free) books \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eon\u003c\/span\u003e mgyoe.com \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eare books that have been circulating on the internet for a long time.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eIt is just a compilation so that readers can easily find it when they want to read it.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003eIf reprinted by libraries, the download links for these e-books will be removed.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Other Websites","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45333328232597,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"MMK","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0609\/9756\/6613\/files\/489cee11bfa02ca2001485fcdc66197f.gif?v=1730294335"},{"product_id":"လင်းယုန်သစ်လွင်-အသက်-သွေး-ချွေး","title":"New Eagle - Life, Blood, Sweat","description":"\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Myanmar Text',sans-serif; mso-bidi-language: MY;\"\u003e:: Click on Buy it \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003enow to download the ebook\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan lang=\"MY\"\u003e. 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ကျောင်းပိတ်ရက် နေ့ခင်းပိုင်းတွင် ကြီးကြီးဒေါ်သင်းမြိုင်ဆီသွားပြီး ပုံပြောခိုင်းသည်။\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eဒေါ်သင်းမြိုင်သည် ကျွန်မတို့ အိမ်နှင့် မျက်စောင်း ထိုးရှိ တန်ရှည် ပျဉ်ထောင် အိမ်ကြီးတွင် နေသည်။ သူ့တူမ ညွန့်ညွန့်က ကျွန်မနှင့် ရွယ်တူ၊ ကစားဖော် ကစားဖက်။ ကြီးကြီး ဒေါ်သင်းမြိုင်သည် မျက်စိနှစ်ကွင်း အလင်း မရရှာပါ။ ထို့ကြောင့် ဘယ်မှမသွားနိုင်။ ခြေတန်ရှည် အိမ်၏ အော်ရှိ မြေစိုက် ကွပ်ပျက်ပေါ်မှာပင် တစ်နေကုန် တစ်နေခမ်း နေလေ့ရှိသည်။\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eကျွန်မတို့ ရောက်၍ ကြီးကြီး ပုံပြောပြနော်ဟု တောင်းဆိုလျှင် ပြောမှာပေါ့။ ပြောမှာပေါ့ဟု ဆိုကာ လက်ထဲမှ ဆေးပေါ့လိပ်ကို အားရပါးရ ဖွာလိုက်သည်။ ပြီးလျှင် ဆေးခံခွက်ထဲ ထိုးချေ မီးငြိမ်းကာ ပုံပြောတော့သည်။\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eကျွန်မသည် ဆေးလိပ်နံ့ကို မခံနိုင်၊ အလွန်မုန်းသည်။ သို့သော် ပုံ နားထောင် ချင်၍ သည်းခံရတော့၏။\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eကြီးကြီးသည် ပုံပြင်များကို မထပ်အောင် ပြောပြနိုင်သည်။ (နောင်ကြီး ပြင်လာသည့် အခါ ထိုပုံပြင်များသည် နိပါတ်တော်လာ ဇာတ်တော် ငါးရာငါးဆယ်ထဲမှ ဖြစ်ကြောင်း သိရသည်။)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e“ဟိုး..ရှေးရှေးတုန်က..” ဟု အစချီကာ ပြောသော ပုံပြင်များထဲတွင် ဗိဿနိုးမှ “ပန်ထွာဘုရင်မ အကြောင်းလည်း ပါသည်။ ပုံပြောကောင်းသော ကြီးကြီးသည် ပန်ထွာဘုရင်မကို ဖွဲ့ဖွဲ့နွဲ့နွဲ့ ပြောပြသဖြင့် ကျွန်မ ရင်ထဲတွင် စွဲနေသည်။\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eနောက်ပိုင်း ကျောင်းစာတွေ များလာသဖြင့် ပုံပြင်နားထောင်ချိန် မရတော့ပါ။ သို့သော် ဗိဿနိုးနှင့် ပန်ထွာဘုရင်မကိုမူ မေ့မသွားပေ။ ထို့ကြောင့် ရန်ကုန်မကွေး ခရီး စဉ်တွင် 'ဗိဿနိုး မြို့ဟောင်းသို့' ဆိုသည့် လမ်းညွန် မှတ်တိုင်ကလေးကို တွေ့လိုက်ရသည့် အခါ ကျွန်မရင်ထဲ လှိုက်ခနဲဖြစ်သွားခြင်းပင်။\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e ဗဟုသုတဖြစ်ဖွယ် ဝတ္ထု၊ ဆောင်းပါးများ ဖတရှု လေ့လာခွင့် ရသည့်အခါ ကျွန်မ စွဲလန်းခဲ့သော ပန်ထွာဘုရင်မ အကြောင်း ဖွဲ့ဆို ရေးသားထားသည့် ဝတ္ထုများကို ဖတ်ရသည်။ ငယ်စဉ်က နားထောင်ခဲ့ရသည့် ဇာတ်လမ်းနှင့် မတူဘဲ ကွဲပြားနေသဖြင့် ဘ၀င် မကျဖြစ်ရသည်။ ဘယ်ဇာတ်လမ်း အမှန်လဲ သိချင်လာသည်။ သို့ဖြင့် ပန်ထွာ ဘုရင်မနှင့် ပတ်သက်သော စာအုပ်စာတမ်းများကို ရှာဖွေမိတော့သည်။  မင်းဘူးမြို့ရှိ မိဘများအိမ်မှ စာအုပ်ကို မွှေနှောက်သောအခါ '\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eဗိဿနိုးနှင့် ပန်ထွာဘုရင်မ' စာအုပ်ကို သွားတွေ့သည်။ ရေးသူမှာ “သခင် ခင်မောင်ဦး၊\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eတောင်တွင်းကြီးမြို့ ဖြစ်သည်။ လေ့လာ ဖတ်ကြည့်ရာ ငယ်စဉ်က ကြီးကြီးဒေါ်သင်းမြိုင် ပြောပြသော ပုံပြင်အတိုင်း တူညီနေသဖြင့် ကျွန်မ ဝမ်းသာသွား၏။\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eသည်တစ်အုပ် ဖတ်ရှုရရုံဖြင့် မကျေနပ်သေးပါ။ ပန်ထွာဘုရင်မနှင့် ပတ်သက်သမျှ စာအုပ် စာတမ်းများ ကို မေးမြန်း စုံစမ်း မိပြန်သည်။\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eဤတွင် စာရေးဆရာကြီး သုခမိန်နှင့် စာရေးဆရာမကြီး ကြည်ဦး၊ (ဒေါ်ကြည်ဦး) တို့ထံမှ နေမျိုးမင်းလှ သီရိသင်္ခယာဘွဲ့ခံ မြေလတ်စစ်ကဲတော်မင်း ရေးသားသည့် တောင်တွင်းကြီး သမိုင်းစာအုပ်ကို ဖတ်ရှုခွင့်ရခဲ့သည်။\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eစာအုပ်အဟောင်းထိုင်းများတွင် လိုက်လံမွှေနှောက်ရှာဖွေရာ ဆရာတော် ဦးဉာဏ ရေးသားသည့် 'တောင်တွင်းကြီး ရာဇဝင်သစ်' ဦးဘရှင် (ကျမ်းပြုအရာရှိ၊ မြန်မာနိုင်ငံ စစ်သမိုင်း ကော်မရှင်) ၏ 'ဗိဿနိုးမြို့ ဟောင်းနှင့် သမိုင်းအမြင်း ဦးအောင်သော် (ညွှန်ကြားရေးဝန်၊ ရှေးဟောင်း သုတေသနဌာန)၏ 'ဗိဿနိုးမြို့ ဟောင်း' တို့ကို ဝယ်ယူ ရရှိသည်။\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eစာရေးဆရာကြီး ဌေးမောင်ထံမှ 'သီရိခေတ္တရာစာစောင် ကိုမေတ္တာလက်ဆောင်ရရှိသည်။\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eစာရေးဆရာ အောင်မြတ်ဦးကလည်း စီးပွားရေး မြင့်ဦးရေးသားသည့် “ဗိဿနိုးဘုရင်မ” စာအုပ်ကို ရှာဖွေပေးသည်။\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eမကွေးမြို့၊ အမှတ်(၁) အထက်တန်းကျောင်းမှ ဆရာဦးမြင့်၀ေက “တေးသီချင်း  တစ်ဆယ့်နှစ်ပုဒ်\" အကြောင်း ရေးသားထားသည့် စာစုကို မိတ္တူကူး၍ လာပေးသည်။\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eမှန်နန်း ရာဇာင်တော်ကြီး ပထမတွဲ၊ မြန်မာ့စွယ်စုံကျမ်း အတွဲ (၇) နှင့် အတွဲ (၁၃)၊ မြန်မာမင်း အုပ်ချုပ်ပုံစာတမ်း၊ ဒုတိယပိုင်း စသည်တို့မှ အချက် အလက်များကို လေ့လာ ဖတ်ရှုပြီးသောအခါတွင်ကား 'ပန်ထွာဘုရင်မ' သည် ရုပ်လုံးကြွ၍ လှပ လာလေ တော့သည်။\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eဤပန်ထွာဘုရင်မ စာအုပ်ဖြစ်မြောက်ရေး အတွက် စာအုပ်စာတမ်းများ ရှာဖွေ ပေးခဲ့ကြသည့် အထက်ဖော်ပြပါ ပုဂ္ဂိုလ်များ၊ ဗိဿနိုးမြို့တော်ဟောင်းနှင့် ပတ်သက်၍ ညွှန်ပြ ပြောကြားပေးသော စာရေးဆရာကြီး မင်းဘူးအောင်ကြိုင် (ဦးအောင်ကြိုင်၊ ဒုတိယ ညွှန်ကြားရေးမှူးချုပ် ငြိမ်း)၊ ရှေးဟောင်းသုတေသန ဦးစီးဌာန၊ အထက်မြန်မာပြည်) ဗိဿနိုးမြို့ဟောင်းမှ တူးဖော် ရရှိသည့် ကြေးဆင်းတုတော်ပုံ ပါရှိသည့် စာအုပ်ကို ကျေးဇူး ပြုသာ ဒေါ်နန္ဒာမွန်း (ဒုတိယပါမောက္ခချုပ်၊ ယဉ်ကျေးမှုတက္ကသိုလ်၊ ရန်ကုန်) တို့အား အထူးကျေးဇူးတင်ရှိပါသည်။\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eဗုဒ္ဓဂယာ ခရီးဖော် သမီးကလေးများ မသင်းသင်းနိုင်၊ မကြူကြူနွယ်တို့ ကျေးဇူး ပြုသော 'ဖိုးဦးတောင်သမိုင်း' စာအုပ်ကို ရရှိပါ၍ အထူးကျေးဇူး တင်ရှိပါသည်။\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eစိမ့် (ပညာရေး)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e၇၊၆၊၂၀၀၇\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eမိုးမခမြိုင်\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eဒဂုံမြို့သစ် (မြောက်ပိုင်း)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eအခန်း (၁) \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eစူဠသမ္ဘဝ၊ စန္ဒမုဒိမိဖုရားနှင့်ကုမ္မဝတီဘုရင်\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eအဝေးဆီမှ အပြင်းနှင်လာသော မြင်းခွာသံများကို ကြားလိုက်ရသည်။ ညောင်ကြပ်ပင်ကြီး၏ ပင်တွင်ထိုင်ကာ ပင်စည်ကိုမှီထားသာ ကိုယ်သည် ဆတ်ကနဲခွာမိလျက်သား ဖြစ်သွားသည်။ မြင်းခွာသံများလာရာဆီသို့ စောင်းငဲ့ကြည်ရင်း နားစွင့် လိုက်သည်။ အရိပ်အယောင် မမြင်ရသေးသော်လည်း မြင်းခွာသံများ တဖြည်းဖြည်း နီးလာသည်။\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eသူလျှောက်လှမ်းခဲ့ရာ လမ်းတစ်လျှောက် မြင်းစီး ခရီးသွားများကို ကြိုးကြား ကြိုးကြား တွေ့ခဲ့ရသည်။ အချို့ ရောင်းကုန် အထုပ်အပိုးတွေ မြင်းပေါ်တင်လျက်၊ စားအိုးစားခွက် များပင် ပါလိုက်သေးသည်။ မြင်းကို ဖြည်းဖြည်း မှန်မှန်ပင် စီးလာကြသည်။ ယခုမူခြင်းကို အပြင်းနှင်လျက် ရှိ၏။ မြင်းကောင်ရေလည်း နည်းအံ့မထင်။ မည်သူတွေလဲ။ ရန်သူလား မိတ်ဆွေလား။ အန္တရာယ်ပေးမည့် သူများဖြစ်ပါက သည်နေရာ သည်ဒေသမှာ သူ့ကို ကူကယ်မည့်သူ မရှိနိုင်။ လူနေအိမ်ခြေနှင့် အလှမ်းဝေးသည်။ သို့ကြောင့်လည်း ရှေ့ ခရီး မထက်တော့ဘဲ သည်ညောင်ကြပ်ပင်ကြီး အောက်မှာပင် တစ်ညတာ နားခိုရန် ဆုံးဖြတ် လိုက်သည်။ စိတ်ချလက်ချ အပန်းဖြေမည်ကြံကာ ရှိသေးသည်။ ယခုလို မြင်းခွာသံများကို ကြားလိုက်ရခြင်း ဖြစ်၏။\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eထိုစဉ်မှာပင် ဟိုအဝေး တောအုပ်ကလေး အကွယ်မှ ထွက်လာသော မြင်းစီး ယောက်ျားများသည် သူ၏ မြင်ကွင်းထဲသို့ ဝင်လာသည်။ နေအတော် စောင်းနေပြီ ဖြစ်သော်လည်း အလင်းရောင်လုံးလုံး မကွယ်ပျောက် သေးသဖြင့် ကောင်းစွာ အကဲခတ်နိုင်သည်။\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eအလို လက်ထဲမှာလည်း လှံတံတွေနဲ့ပါလား' သူ့ရင်ထဲ ဒိတ်ခနဲ ခုန်သွားသည်။ ဘေးနားတွင် ထိုင်နေသော သမီးငယ်ကို သူ့ပေါင်ပေါ်ဆွဲတင်ပြီး ပွေ့ဖက်ထားလိုက်၏။ ကြည့်နေရင်း မြင်းကွင်းက ပီပြင်လာသည်။ မြင်းသည် တော်တွေပါလား။\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eမြင်းစီး သမားများသည် မြင်းကို ဒုန်းမဆိုင်းတော့ဘဲ ဖြည်းဖြည်း မှန်မှန် နှင်လာသည်။ မကြာမီ ညောင်ကြပ်ပင်ကြီးအနီးသို့ ရောက်လာကြ၏။ ဤတွင် ရှေ့ ထုံးမှ ခေါင်းဆောင် ဖြစ်ဟန်တူသူသည် ယာလက်ကို မြှောက်လိုက်သည်နှင့် အားလုံး မြင်းဇက်ကို သတ်လိုက်ကြသည်။\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eရှေ့ ဆုံးမှ လူသည် သူ့လူများကို တစ်စုံတစ်ရာပြောပြီးနောက် သူတို့ သားအမိရှိရာ ညောင်ကြပ်ပင်ကြီးထံသို့ မြင်းဇက်ကို စူပေးလိုက်သည်။ ညောင်ကြပ်ပင်အောက်သို့ ရောက်သည်နှင့် ထိုသူသည် မြင်းပေါ်မှဆင်းကာ သူတို့အနီးသို့ လှမ်းလာသည်။ လှံတံကို ကိုင်လျက် ခန့်ညားစွာ ရပ်လာသော ထိုသူသည် သူ့ကို စေ့စေ့ကြည့်ကာ မေးလိုက်၏။\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e“သင်တို့က ဘယ်သူတွေလဲ၊ ဘယ်ကလာလို့ ဘယ်ကိုသွားကြမှာလဲ။ ဒီအချိန်ဟာ မိန်းမသားများ ခရီးသွားရမယ့်အချိန် မဟုတ်ပေဘူး\"\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eသူစိမ်းတစ်ဦး၏ ခပ်ဆတ်ဆတ်မေးသံကြောင့် သမီးငယ်သည် ကြောက်ရွံ့ကာ သူ့ ရင်ခွင်ထဲတွင် မျက်နှာအပ်ပြီး တင်းတင်း ဖက်ထားသည်။ သမီးငယ် ထိတ်လန့် သွားသဖြင့် သူသည် သမီးငယ်၏ ကျောပြင်ကို ပြန်လည် ဖက်ထားလိုက်၏။ သူသည် သူစိမ်း၏ အမေးကို ချက်ချင်း မဖြေသေးဘဲ စဉ်းစား ချင့်ချိန်နေသည်။ နောက်ဆုံးတွင် အမှန်အတိုင်း ဖြေရန် ဆုံးဖြတ်လိုက်သည်။\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\"ရသေ့ပြည်ဘုရင် စူဠသမ္ဘာရဲ့ မိဖုရားပါ။ သမီးတော်လေး ဗိဿနိုး နဲ့အတူ ပုပ္ပါးသွားဖို့ ထွက်ခဲ့တာပါ။\"\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\"အလို........ရသေ့ပြည်ဘုရင် စူဠသမ္ဘာရဲ့ မိဖုရား....ဟုတ်စ၊ လင်္ကာဒီပသူ စန္ဒမုခိ ပေပဲ၊ ရသေ့ပြည်က ပုပ္ပါး ထိသွားမယ့် ခရီးမှာ ကလေးငယ်လေးကိုသာ အဖော်ပြုပြီး သာမန် အရပ်သူလို လာခဲ့တာ အကြောင်းထူးများ ရှိလို့လား\"\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eသည်မေးခွန်ကို စန္ဒမုခိက မဖြေပါ။ မျက်လွှာချပြီး ခတ်ဆိတိဆိတ်နေသည်။ မိဖုရား၏ အခြေအနေကို အကဲခတ်မိသော သူစိမ်းက ယခုလိုပြောလိုက်၏။\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\"ဖြေဖို့ ခက်ခဲနေက ရှိစေတော့။ သို့သော် သည်အချိန် သည်ခရီးလမ်းမှာ မိန်းမသားချည်း မနေသင့်ပေဘူး။ ဒါကြောင့် ကျုပ်နဲ့လိုက်ခဲ့ပေတော့”\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eအမိန့်ဆန်ဆန် ထိုစကားကြောင့် စန္ဒမုခီသည် သူစိမ်းကို မော်ကြည့်ပြီး မေးလိုက်သည်။\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e“အသင်ဘယ်သူလဲဆိုတာ မသိရဘူးလား\"\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e“ဟုတ်ပေသားပဲ၊ ကျုပ် ဘယ်သူဘယ်ဝါမှန်း မသိဘဲနဲ့ ဘယ်မှာ ကျုပ်နောက် လိုက်ဝံ့ ပါ့မလဲ၊ ကျပ်က ကုမ္ဘဝတီပြည့်ရှင် ဖြစ်တယ်။ အိမ်ရှင် ဖြစ်လေတော့ တစ်ပြည်သူ မိဖုရားနှင့် သမီးတော်တို့ကို စောင့်ရှောက်ရမယ့် တာဝန်ရှိပေတယ်။ ဒါကြောင့် နေပြည်တော်ကို လိုက်တော်မှုပါ\"\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eပုပ္ပါးသို့သွားသည်ထက် ကုမ္ဘဝတီတွင် ခေတ္တ ခဏနားပိုလျှင် ကောင်းပေမည်ဟု တွေးမိသဖြင့် စန္ဒမုခိသည် ငြင်းပယ်ခြင်း မပြုပေ။ သို့ဖြင့် ဘုရင်မင်းမြတ်သည် မြင်းသည်တော် တစ်ဦးကို လှမ်းခေါ်လိုက်၏ မြင်းသည်တော်လည်း ညောင်ကြပ် ပင်ကြီးအောက် ရောက်လာပြီး ဘုရင်မင်းမြတ်အား အရိုအသေပြုလိုက်၏။\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eဘုရင်မင်းမြတ်က ရသူပြည်မှ စန္ဒမုဒိမိဖုရားနှင့် သမီးတော်လေးတို့ကို နေပြည်တော်သို့ ဆောင်ကြဉ်းခဲ့ရန် တာဝန်ပေးပြီးနောက် သူ့မြင်းညိုကြီးပေါ်သို့ စွေ့ခနဲ ခုန်တက်လိုက်သည်။ မကြမီမှာပင် ဘုရင်မင်းမြတ်နှင့် တကွ နောက်လိုက် နောက်ပါ\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eများသည် စန္ဒမုခိတို့ သားအမိကို ခေါ်ဆောင်ကာ ကမ္ဘ၀တီ နေပြည်တော်ထံသို့ ရှေးရှ ထွက်ခွာ လာခဲ့ကြလေတော့သည်။\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e“တောလည်ထွက်ရာမှ ပြန်လာတဲ့ ကုမ္ဘဝတီဘုရင်ဟာ ညောင်ကြပ်ပင်ကြီး အောက်မှာ တွေ့ခဲ့တဲ့ ရသေ့ပြည်ဘုရင် စူဠသမ္ဘဝရဲ့ မိဖုရားကို ကောက်ယူတော်မူခဲ့သတဲ့”\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eထိုသတင်းသည် ကမ္ဘဝတီ နန်းတော်တစ်ခုလုံးသို့ ရောက်ရှိသွား၏။ ထိုမှ တစ်ဆင့် ကုမ္မဝတီ တစ်ပြည်လုံးသို့ တာမီးပမာ ပျံ့နှံ့သွားလေတော့သည်။\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eဘုရင်မင်းမြတ်သည် စန္ဒမုဒိနှင့် ဗိဿနိုး မင်းသမီးကလေးတို့ကို ကောင်းစွာ စောင့်ရှောက် ထားသည်။ ရသေ့ပြည်မှ ထွက်ခွာလာခဲ့သည့် အကြောင်းရင်းနှင့် နောက်ကြောင်း ရာဇာင်ကို သိလိုလှသော်လည်း စန္ဒမုခိမိဖုရား စိတ်အနှောင့်အယှက် ဖြစ်မည် စိုးရိမ်၍ ထပ်မံမေးမြန်းခြင်း မပြုတော့ပေ။\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eစန္ဒမုခိမိဖုရားသည် အရွယ်ကောင်း၏။ အဆင်းရူပါ လှပကြော့ရှင်း၏။ အသားအရေ ဝင်းမွတ်စိုပြေ၏။ အရိုးအဆစ် ပြေပြစ်၏။ ယဉ်ကျေးသိမ်မွေ့၏။ တတ်သိ လိမ္မာပြီး လုံ့လဝီရိယ ရှိ၏။ ခင်မင် နှစ်သက်ဖွယ်သော စကားကို ဆိုတတ်၏။ ထို့ကြောင့်လည်း ကုမ္ဘဝတီ နန်းတွင်းသူ နန်းတွင်းသား အားလုံးကပင် ချစ်ခင်ကြသည်။ နှစ်လို ကြသည်။\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eဘုရင်မင်းမြတ်သည်လည်း စန္ဒမုခီ အပေါ်တွင် မေတ္တာတော် တိမ်းညွတ်လာသဖြင့် ညောင်ကြပ်ပင်ကို အစွဲပြု၍ “ပိပ္ပလိဒေဝီ\" ဟူသောဘွဲ့ အပ်နှင်းပြီး မိဖုရား မြှောက်လိုက် လေတော့သည်။\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eဗိဿနိုး မင်းသမီးကလေးကိုလည်း သမီးရင်းနှင့် မခြား ချစ်ခင်တော် မူသဖြင့် များစွာ ချီးမြှောက်တော် မူသည်။ ကမ္ဘဝတီ မင်းမှုထမ်းများ၏ သမီးငယ်များသည် ဗိဿနိုး မင်းသမီးကလေး၏ အခြံအရံများ ဖြစ်လာကြသည်။ ယုံကြည် စိတ်ချရသော အပျိုတော် ကလေး 'မိအူ' မှာမူ ဗိဿနိုး မင်းသမီးကလေး၏ အထိန်းတော် ဖြစ်လာသည်။\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eကမ္ဘာ၀တီဘုရင်တွင် ထီးမွေနန်းမွေ ဆက်ခံမည့်သူ မရှိပေ။ သို့ဖြင့် လွန်စွာ ချစ်မြတ်နိုးသော ဗိဿနိုးမင်း သမီးကလေးကိုပင် နန်းမွေခံ အဖြစ် သတ်မှတ်သည်။ ပြီးတော့ 'ယင်းလွင်ပြင်' ဒေသကိုလည်း အပိုင်းအား ပေးသနားတော်မူသည်။\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eယင်းလွင်ပြင်' ဒေသကား မြန်မာနိုင်ငံတွင် ရှေးဦးစွာ အခြေချ နေထိုင်ခဲ့ကြသော ''ပျူ' တို့၏ ဒေသပင် ဖြစ်သည်။ ပျူလူမျိုးများ ရောက်ရှိလာပုံ သမိုင်းကြောင်းကို ပြန်ပြောင်း၍စောင်းကြည့်သော်\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eတိဗက်-မြန်မာအနွယ်ဝင် မွန်ဂိုလွိုက် အမျိုးဖြစ်သော ပျူလူမျိုးများသည် တရုတ်ပြည် အရှေ့ တောင်ဘက် လောက်ဆီမှ မြန်မာနိုင်ငံ အတွင်းသို့ ဝင်ရောက်\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eလာကြသည်။ သူတို့သည် ရေကြည်ရာ မြက်နုရာကို ရှာရင်း မြန်မာနိုင်ငံ အလယ်ပိုင်း၊  မိုးခေါင် ရေရှား ရပ်၀န်း၏ အနောက်တောင်စွန်း ဒေသ- ယင်းချောင်းဝှမ်း မြေပြန့်သို့  ရောက်ရှိ လာကြ၏။ ယင်းမြေပြန့်ကို ဖြစ်ပေါ် တည်ဆောက်ပေးသော ယင်းချောင်းသည်\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eပုပ္ပါးတောင်၏ တောင်ဘက် ရေ၀ေတောင်တန်းတွင် ချောင်းဖျားခံပြီး တောင်ဘက်သို့ စီးဆင်းလာကာ လွန်စွာ ကျယ်ပြန့်သာ မြစ်ဝှမ်းမြေပြန့် တစ်ခုကို ဖြစ်ပေါ်စေခဲ့သည်။ 'ယင်းချောင်း သည် တောအထပ်ထပ်၊ တောင်အထပ်ထပ်ကို ကျော်ဖြတ်၍ စီးဆင်းလာရာ\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eတောင်ဘက်သို့ ရောက်လာလေလေ၊ ချောင်းလက်တက်များ ပို၍ များပြား လာလေလေ ဖြစ်၏။ ပဲခူးရိုးမမှ စ၍ မြို့လုလင်ကို ဖြတ်ကာ အရှေ့ ဘက်မှ 'စွန်ချောင်း' စီးဝင်လာသည်။\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eတောင်တွင်းကြီးမြို့၊ မြောက်ဘက်မှဖြတ်၍ စတုံချောင်း' စီးဝင်သည်။ အရှေ့ တောင်ဘက် ဆက်သွား မြို့ထံမှ စီးလာပြီး တောင်ဦးချောင်းနှင့် ပေါင်းကာ စီးလာသော 'ရန်ပယ်ချောင်း သည်လည်း 'ယင်းချောင်း' ထဲသို့ပင် စီးဝင်သည်။\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eသည်ချောင်းလက်တက်များကြောင့် 'ယင်းလွင်ပြင်' ကြီးသည် နုန်းမြေနုများဖြင့် အလွန် မြေဩဇာကောင်းသည်။ သည်လွင်ပြင်ကြီး၏ အကျယ်အဝန်းမှာ မြောက်ဘက်မှ\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eတောင်ဘက် ရန်ပယ်ချောင်း မြေပြန့်အထိ လေးဆယ့်ရှစ်မိုင် ရှည်သည်။ အရှေ့ ဘက် ပဲခူးရိုးမ၊ တောင်စွယ် အခြေ လောက်မှ အနောက်ဘက်သို့ မိုင်နှစ်ဆယ် ခန့်ကျယ်ပြန့်သည်။\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eသည်မျှ ကျယ်ပြန့်သည့် လွင်ပြင်ကြီးသို့ ရောက်လာကြသော ပျူတို့၏ ခေါင်းဆောင် လုပ်သူက သည်နေ ရာတွင် စခန်းချမည့် အကြောင်း ပြောလိုက်သည်။ ဆင့်ကဲဆင့်ကဲ ပြောလိုက်ကြရာ တစ်ယောက်စကား၊ တစ်ယောက်နားဖြင့် ပျူအုပ်စုကြီး တစ်ခုလုံး သိရှိသွားတော့သည်။ ထိုအုပ်စုကြီးထဲတွင် အဘိုးအို အဘွားအိုများ၊ လူလတ်ပိုင်း လူရွယ်ပိုင်း မိန်းမ ယောက်ျားများ၊ သားသည်အမေများ၊ ကလေးသူငယ်များ စသည်ဖြင့် အသက်အပိုင်း အခြား မျိုးစုံပါဝင်သည်။\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eစခန်းချ ရပ်နားမည် ထိုသဖြင့် အုပ်စုလိုက် အရိပ်အာဝါသ ရှာပြီး နေရာ ယူကြသည်။ ပစ္စည်းပစ္စယများ တင်လာသည့် မြင်းများကိုလည်း သူတို့နှင့် မနီးမဝေးတွင် လှန်ထား 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