{"title":"ယူရီပိုင်","description":null,"products":[{"product_id":"ယူရီပိုင်-နိုဘယ်ငြိမ်းချမ်းရေးဆု","title":"Yuri Pai - Nobel Peace Prize","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e The emergence of the Nobel Prize\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThe Nobel Peace Prize is one of the five Nobel Prizes. It was established by Swedish industrialist, inventor, and munitions manufacturer Alfred Nobel. It has been awarded annually since 1901 to the person who has \"done or shall have done the best work for the abolition or reduction of existing armed forces, and for the promotion of peace and the holding of peace conferences, in the spirit of brotherhood between nations.\"\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eAccording to Alfred Nobel's will, the Norwegian Nobel Committee selects the laureates. The committee consists of five members, who are elected by the Norwegian Parliament.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eSince 1990, the Nobel Peace Prize has been awarded annually on December 10 at Oslo City Hall. Previously, the awards were held at the Parliament from 1901 to 1904, at the Norwegian Nobel Institute from 1905 to 1946, and at the Faculty of Law at the University of Oslo from 1947 to 1989.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eDifference of opinion\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThe Nobel Peace Prize is a political prize, and has been the subject of controversy throughout its history. Alfred Nobel died in 1896 and left no will for the award. He was a mechanical engineer and trained as a chemical engineer, so he studied chemistry and physics.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThe reason for the award for the Vedas is clear, as it is a reward for skill. The reason for the peace award is not clear. Why did he include this type of award?\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eOne possible reason is that Nobel was close to peace activist Bertha von Suttner, and her influence may have influenced his decision to establish the Peace Prize. Another reason is that Nobel's main business was the production of dynamite, which not only destroys but also kills living things, and so it is thought that he established the Peace Prize as a way to discourage the production of weapons of war.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eAlthough Nobel was a Swedish citizen, it is not known why the Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to a Norwegian. There is only speculation and talk, and there is no solid evidence. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Award Nomination Procedure\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eEvery year, the Norwegian Nobel Committee calls for nominations for the Nobel Peace Prize. The Nobel Foundation sets the criteria for who can nominate. Therefore, those who can nominate include:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e - National level organizations and governments, members of the Inter-Parliamentary Union\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e- Members of the Permanent Court of Arbitration and the International Court of Justice in the capital of the Netherlands\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e - Members of the International Institute of Law\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e - Professors of history, social sciences, philosophy, law or religious studies working in universities, university heads, peace researchers\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Heads of Departments, Heads of International Affairs Departments\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e- Nobel Peace Prize winners, or if the winner is an organization, members of the organization's board of directors\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e - Current and former members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e - Former permanent advisors to the Norwegian Nobel Institute\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e- If we look at the number of people who applied for the nomination, a new record was set in 2009 with 205 candidates. That record was broken the following year in 2010 with 237 candidates. The following year, in 2011, the record was broken again with 241 candidates.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Keeping the list of nominees secret\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThe list of potential nominees for the Nobel Peace Prize is kept secret for fifty years. Therefore, the list of nominees is only made public after fifty years. For example, the list of nominees for 1962 was not made public until another fifty years later, in 2012. The Nobel Foundation does not disclose the list of nominees, the decision-making process, the interviews, etc., for fifty years. It is possible that some leaks may occur, but they are not official.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eSelection steps\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThe Nobel Committee meets to select the nominees. The nominees are considered by the Nobel Institute's permanent advisors. The advisory board consists of experts in the field. The advisory board works for several months and then submits its report to the Nobel Committee. The committee tries to keep the names of the decision-makers anonymous, but this is not always possible. The Nobel Committee makes its final selection in mid-September. However, the final decision is usually made at the last meeting of the board before the official announcement in early October.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eNobel Peace Prize Award\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThe Nobel Peace Prize is awarded annually on December 10 by the Chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee in the presence of the King of Norway. That day is the anniversary of Alfred Nobel's death. Of the five Nobel Prizes, this is the only one not awarded in Stockholm, Sweden. The laureate receives a diploma, a gold medal, and a certificate confirming the award. The prize awarded in 2013 was almost one and a half million US dollars.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eCriticisms\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThere are critics who feel that the Nobel Peace Prize is only awarded for short-term achievements. There have also been cases where the prize is awarded as an encouragement to continue even if the achievement is not yet complete. It has also been pointed out that the decision of a small number of people on a broad issue is often flawed.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eAnother suggestion is that the Norwegian Nobel Committee should include academics and international affairs experts among its members. Currently, it consists of retired members of parliament. This is not a broad view. Oivind Stenersen, a prominent historian in Norway, has criticized Norway for using the prize as a tool for nation-building and for the country's foreign policy and economic interests.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eNobel's grandson, Michael Nobel, has criticized the way the prize is chosen as purely political and unlikely to be in line with his grandfather's wishes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Two members of the committee that disagreed over the selection of Vietnamese leader Le Duong and U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger as Nobel Peace Prize laureates \u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"စိတ်ကူးချိုချိုစာပေ","offers":[{"title":"ပုံနှိပ်စာအုပ်","offer_id":45546940858517,"sku":"","price":1350.0,"currency_code":"MMK","in_stock":false},{"title":"စာမြည်းရန်အီးဘွခ်","offer_id":45546940891285,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"MMK","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0609\/9756\/6613\/products\/1_d64dc8cc-b01e-4956-837b-e8692d0528dd.jpg?v=1730237857"},{"product_id":"ယူရီပိုင်-နိုဘယ်စာပေဆု","title":"Yuri Paik - Nobel Prize in Literature","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e The emergence of the Nobel Prize\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eSince 1901, the Nobel Prize in Literature has been awarded almost every year to writers, and to any citizen of the world who has produced a work that meets the terms of Alfred Nobel's will. The terms were written in Swedish and stated that the prize should be awarded \"for the most outstanding work in the field of literature.\" While each work may be unique, in this case, \"work\" refers to the totality of an author's output.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThe Swedish Academy decides who will receive the prize, if any, in a given year. The Academy announces the winner in early October. The prize is one of five Nobel Prizes established in 1895 by Alfred Nobel's will. The other Nobel Prizes are the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, the Nobel Prize in Physics, the Nobel Peace Prize, and the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eDifference of opinion\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e The Nobel Prize in Literature, which is designed to emphasize Nobel's ideology, has repeatedly been the subject of controversy. The original Swedish word for literature has been translated into two different meanings: ideal and idealistic.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eSince the beginning of the twentieth century, the Nobel Committee has strictly defined the purpose of a will. For this reason, the Committee has not awarded the prize to writers who were world-famous in their time, such as Jean Dewey, Leo Tolstoy, and Anton Chekhov. More recently, the author's writings have been published in the Literary\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eIt is awarded for both the sustainability of excellence and the level of intellectual fundamentalism that it brings to the table. This means that in recent years, a broader view of human rights has taken hold. So it can be said that the prize is now more political than literary. In addition to this, there are other criticisms.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eCriticism\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThe Swedish Academy has been heavily criticized in recent years for its handling of the Nobel Prize. Critics point out that many well-known authors are not awarded the prize, and are not even considered for the shortlist. Some critics argue that the well-known authors who are awarded the prize are not worthy of the prize. There are allegations that the process of selecting the shortlist is politically and personally motivated. There has also been criticism of the selection of later Golden Lotus writers. Indian scholar Sabarimala Mita has said that the Nobel Prize in Literature may overshadow other awards, but it is not the standard for literary excellence. What is the motive behind the award, which is so controversial?\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eHis wish\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eAlfred Nobel's last will and testament stipulated that his funds should be used to establish a permanent system of prizes, which should be awarded to \"those who shall have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind.\" The major prizes are awarded in the fields of physics, chemistry, peace, physiology or medicine, and literature.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eNobel wrote several wills throughout his life, the last of which was written just a year before his death. The will was signed on 27 November 1895 at the Swedish-Norwegian Club in Paris to ensure its authenticity. Nobel left 94% of his fortune to establish the five Nobel Prizes. In 1980, his bequests were equivalent to US$186 million.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThere were delays in implementing his will, and it was not until April 26, 1897, that the Norwegian Parliament approved it. The Nobel Foundation was established to preserve Nobel's fortune and organize the prizes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eShortly after the will was ratified, the Norwegian Nobel Committee for the Peace Prize was formed. Then, one by one, the awarding bodies were established. On June 7 of that year, the Karolinska Institutet was established, on June 9, the Swedish Academy, and on June 11, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences were established and given their respective responsibilities. The Nobel Foundation was then able to reach agreement among its members on guidelines for how the Nobel Prizes should be awarded. Thus, the Swedish Academy took over the responsibility for awarding the Nobel Prize in Literature, in accordance with Nobel's will.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Award Nomination Procedure\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eEach year, the Swedish Academy invites nominations for the Nobel Prize in Literature. Members of literary schools and societies, professors of literature and languages, former Nobel laureates, and presidents of writers' associations are all eligible to nominate authors for the shortlist. However, they are not allowed to nominate themselves.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThousands of applications are submitted each year, asking for nominations. In 2011, for example, a total of 220 applications were received. The deadline for nominations is February 1, and the Nobel Committee reviews the nominations. By April, the list has been narrowed down to about twenty names. The committee approves the five nominees in Malay. Over the next four months, the five nominees are read and reviewed. In October, the members of the Academy vote on the five nominees, and the author who receives more than half of the votes is declared the Nobel Prize laureate. One notable exception is that no one is eligible to win the prize unless they have been on the list at least twice. This means that many authors who have already been on the list come back and are reviewed. The Academy is fluent in 13 languages. If the nominee is an author in a language they do not know, translators are used. Examples of the author's writing are submitted by sworn experts. Otherwise, the procedure is the same as for other Nobel Prizes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003ePrize money\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThe Nobel Prize in Literature is awarded to the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature. It is also awarded a cash prize. The amount of the prize depends on the income of the Nobel Foundation in the year in which the prize is awarded. If more than one person is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, the prize is divided equally. However, when three people are awarded, half of the prize is awarded to one person, half to each of the other two, and one to each of the remaining two. If two or more people are awarded as joint laureates, the prize money is divided among them.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThe amount of money awarded for the Nobel Prize has fluctuated since the award was first presented, depending on the income of the Nobel Foundation. In 2012, it was about $1.1 million, which was lower than in previous years for the first time. It has decreased significantly since it was more than $2.3 million in 2011. The peak was $1.1.6 million in 2001. Despite these fluctuations, it is the largest literary prize in the world and by far the largest of any other prize.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eNobel Prize medals\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThe Nobel Prize medals have been minted in Sweden and Norway since 1902. They bear the registered trademark of the Nobel Foundation. The obverse of the medal features a portrait of Alfred Nobel, seen from the left. The medals for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, the Nobel Prize in Physics, the Nobel Prize in Literature, and the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine are all identical. They feature a portrait of Alfred Nobel, seen from the left, as well as his birth and death dates (18331896). The medals for the Nobel Peace Prize and the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences each feature a portrait of Alfred Nobel, but the design is slightly different.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThe reverse of the medal will vary depending on the organization that selects the laureate. The reverse of the Nobel Prize for Chemistry and Physics uses the same design. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"စိတ်ကူးချိုချိုစာပေ","offers":[{"title":"ပုံနှိပ်စာအုပ်","offer_id":45546940366997,"sku":"","price":1620.0,"currency_code":"MMK","in_stock":true},{"title":"စာမြည်းရန်အီးဘွခ်","offer_id":45546940399765,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"MMK","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0609\/9756\/6613\/products\/1_5c254b8a-43f1-4c58-9e7e-a01ba94cafcf.jpg?v=1730237891"}],"url":"https:\/\/mgyoe.com\/en\/collections\/%e1%80%9a%e1%80%b0%e1%80%9b%e1%80%ae%e1%80%95%e1%80%ad%e1%80%af%e1%80%84%e1%80%ba.oembed","provider":"mgyoe.com","version":"1.0","type":"link"}